Annexes to COM(2021)46 - EURES activity July 2018 - June 2020 Submitted pursuant to Article 33 of Regulation (EU) 2016/589 - Main contents
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This page contains a limited version of this dossier in the EU Monitor.
| dossier | COM(2021)46 - EURES activity July 2018 - June 2020 Submitted pursuant to Article 33 of Regulation (EU) 2016/589. |
|---|---|
| document | COM(2021)46  |
| date | February 4, 2021 |
In 2018, nine CBPs were supported through an EaSI grant from the previous year and 11 CBPs in 2019. Moreover, during 2019, eight CBPs were selected to receive the EaSI grant for 2020 and 2021. EURES CBPs reported 195 060 individual contacts with workers in 2019 and 18 182 individual contacts with clients on the topic of job search in 2018. Overall, 5 408 cross-border job seekers found a job with the help of CBP in 2018 and 2019. These figures show that the focus of the CBP activities has mostly been on the provision of multilingual information, often delivered through physical one-stop-shop solutions. The information provided consists, for the majority, in guidance for posted workers and commuters, such as access to social security systems, recognition of qualifications abroad and taxation.
Concerning support services provided in cross-border regions outside the framework of formal CBPs, EURES countries often report other cross-border cooperation arrangements in their activity reports, mostly aimed at providing information and facilitating the organisation of recruitment events in cross-border areas.
2.1.2.2Post-recruitment assistance
Post-recruitment assistance aims to ensure the best possible integration of mobile workers into their new positions. EURES countries continued focusing on providing information to workers and employers prior to signing an employment contract, and in addition, around two-thirds of them also organised post-recruitment activities (e.g. 21 EURES countries reported organising post-recruitment activities in 2019). The majority of activities comprised the provision of information and guidance on tax and social security issues, but some EURES countries also offer support services to the families of the hired employee and/or provide language trainings.
2.1.2.3Support to youth – apprenticeships and traineeships
Activities linked to apprenticeships and traineeships that are subject to an employment relationship were limited and implemented unevenly across the EURES countries, mainly depending on the national role of PES in the provision of services in the area of apprenticeships and traineeships.
In most cases, the support was linked to the promotion of targeted mobility schemes, described in the next paragraph, or other European programmes and initiatives dedicated to youth employment (e.g. Erasmus+, Youth Guarantee, Eurodyssey – the Assembly of European Regions). Some EURES countries also provided workshops and information activities targeting youth. However, the EURES activities were often limited due to the absence of competence of Public Employment Services (PES) in this field.
In addition to services provided through EURES staff in some countries, apprenticeships and traineeships are exchanged on the EURES Portal with 11 447 apprenticeship and 1 483 traineeship offers available as of July 2020.
2.1.2.4EURES-related targeted mobility schemes
EURES also aims to place specific groups of jobseekers and to help fill vacancies in specific sectors with recruitment difficulties. To that end, EURES activities can be complementary to, or integrated with, targeted mobility schemes financed under the EU Programme for Employment and Social Innovation (EaSI). The table below provides an overview of the main characteristics of three targeted mobility schemes that were implemented in the period July 2018 to June 2020 including their target populations, actively participating countries and main performance indicators.
Overview of EURES-related mobility schemes targeting particular age groups
| Duration | Target group | EURES countries | Performance indicators | EaSI Funding |
| Your first EURES Job | ||||
| February 2015 – ongoing | Jobseekers aged 18-35 years / companies with skills needs | Lead employment services: DE, FR, IT, SE Partners in: BG, HR, CY, PT, RO, SI, ES, DK, FI, IE, NL, FI, SK 4 | July 2018 –June 2020 Registered jobseekers: 13 977 Registered employers: 3 551 Registered vacancies: 3 477 Placements: 4 062 | Dec 2018 – Dec 2020 Foreseen budget 5 : € 11 200 000 Granted budget: € 14 851 070 |
| Reactivate | ||||
| November 2016 – ongoing | Jobseekers aged 35 or older / employers in need of qualified workforce | Lead employment services in: FR, SE, PL, DE, IT Partners in: EL, ES, NL, MT 6 | Oct 2018 – June 2020 Registered jobseekers: 5 216 Registered employers: 708 Registered vacancies: 3 940 Placements: 852 | Dec 2018 – Dec 2020 Foreseen budget: € 5 000 000 Granted budget: € 4 852 994 |
| EURES Targeted Mobility Scheme 7 | ||||
| January 2020- ongoing | Jobseekers over 18 | Lead employment services: DE, SE Partners in: RO, FI, EE, IE, SE, PT, DK, ES, NL, SL, DE, SK | Started in Jan 2020 Registered jobseekers: ongoing Registered employers: ongoing Registered vacancies: ongoing Placements: ongoing | Jan 2020 – Dec 2021 Foreseen budget: € 9 000 000 Granted budget: € 8 860 242 |
Across Your First EURES Job and Reactivate, the majority of placements were realised in the sectors Human health and social work, Information and communication, Education, Transportation and Storage. The top sending countries were Spain, Italy and France. The top receiving countries were Germany and the United Kingdom across both schemes, and Ireland for Your first EURES Job and Bulgaria for Reactivate.
The new scheme called EURES Targeted Mobility Scheme (TMS) was set up in 2019, ensuring the continuity of implementation and further development of the two previously established schemes, Your First EURES Job and Reactivate. TMS covers the target groups of both schemes and is implemented by Sweden and Germany as lead countries. Its implementation is delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
2.1.3Resources and governance
2.1.3.1Human resources
EURES staff includes both advisers working on EURES in the national or regional PES and in other EURES Member or Partner organisations. The EURES network had 2 568 EURES staff members (1 255 full time equivalent (FTE)) in 2018 and 2 642 EURES staff members (1 232 FTE) in 2019. The distribution of FTE by country ranges and reflects the different sizes of the labour market, from two FTE in Malta and Luxembourg, to 20 in Bulgaria, 33 in the Czech Republic, 89 in France and 156 in Germany.
2.1.3.2Financial resources
The funding of the EURES network at national level changed during the EURES reform process and with the entry into force of the EURES Regulation. While before 2014, the functioning of EURES was financed through annual grants deriving from a separate EU budget line, as of 2015 EURES countries became in charge of securing their own budget for EURES activities. In this frame, the financial resources used by EURES countries mostly derive from two sources: the European Social Fund (ESF) and national budgets. The composition of the budget and its volume differs from one EURES country to another as some countries use only national resources, and others both. Results from a survey among the NCOs on the use of the ESF for EURES activities show that around € 58 000 000 have been made available in the programming period 2014-2020.
In addition, EURES countries may apply for financial resources available through the EURES axis of the Employment and Social Innovation programme (EaSI) to cover the activities carried out under the targeted mobility schemes and, in certain occasions, additional costs. 8 Finally, a limited number of EURES countries complemented the available resources with additional sources, such as specific budgets of Member and Partner organisations.
2.1.3.3IT infrastructure
In addition to standard IT equipment, EURES countries ensured access for EURES staff to relevant software, including tools for webinars and web conferences. Moreover, digital services such as online information sessions, counselling through Skype or other chatting tools were provided by the majority of the EURES countries. Examples of further activities to improve the delivery of online services include development of national EURES websites (e.g. Bulgaria) and implementation of online handbooks to support the provision of services (e.g. Denmark).
With regard to interoperability questions, the EURES countries continued working on adjusting their IT infrastructure for the transmission of job vacancies and CVs to the EURES Portal. Further changes on the IT infrastructure were necessary in some EURES countries in view of the broadening of the network and alignment of IT infrastructures of new EURES Members and Partners (e.g. Hungary, Poland).
2.1.3.4Governance and stakeholder cooperation
Looking at internal governance, the focus of EURES activities was on the design and implementation of an official admission system for new EURES Members and Partners and the consequent broadening of the EURES network (e.g. launch of calls, review of applications, on-boarding of new EURES Members and Partners). Some EURES countries also introduced organisational set-up changes due to the admission of new Members and Partners (e.g. shift of the role of the NCO towards strategic questions, organisational separation of the NCO from PES in order to ensure neutrality).
In addition, a large majority of EURES countries carried out activities to improve the organisation and ensure the efficiency of the governance of their national EURES network. This included enhancing cooperation with new EURES Members and Partners via working groups, monthly reports, and national EURES team meetings.
The vast majority of EURES countries enhanced cooperation with a wide range of stakeholders at local, regional, national and cross-border levels. These include social partners, other European networks, career guidance services, chambers of commerce, and authorities in charge of social security and taxation, education, universities or professional associations.
2.1.3.5Communication in EURES countries
Communication activities by EURES countries aimed mainly at raising awareness and enhancing knowledge about EURES services in order to gain clients, targeting jobseekers and employers. Among the communication activities carried out, information campaigns of a general nature or targeting specific groups or sectors were implemented. Examples include information events for employers and social partners in Bulgaria and an awareness raising campaign in Ireland. Moreover, in the period 2018 to 2020, there has been a stronger shift towards the use of social media channels, with most of the EURES countries having a Facebook, LinkedIn and/or Twitter account:
Reach / Impressions of posts on social media channels of EURES countries
| Social media channel | Semester 2, 2018 | Semester 1, 2019 | Semester 2, 2019 | Semester 1, 2020 | Total |
| 1 933 419 | 2 199 555 | 4 892 949 | 1 750 944 | 10 776 867 | |
| 1 059 658 | 314 606 | 950 702 | 766 335 | 3 091 301 | |
| 163 111 | 329 400 | 847 239 | 1 537 762 | 2 877 512 |
Other communication means included printed promotional material, such as publications, leaflets and roll ups, and also the use of video testimonials (e.g. Portugal, Denmark), radio and television (e.g. Spain, Slovakia).
2.1.3.6Monitoring and evaluation of activities
The Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2018/170 introduced specifications for a uniformed data collection and analysis approach, helping monitor the performance of the EURES network. The EURES Performance Measurement System (PMS) was introduced in 2018 and since then NCOs provide data on five core and 11 network indicators, every six months.
To this end, changes in national reporting and monitoring systems were a pivotal focus of activities in the reference period. NCOs reported that workflows and new structures were introduced in order to establish a unified programming and monitoring system at national level and facilitate the data collection within all the EURES Members and Partners. For example, monitoring data are collected through an online survey in Italy. In Poland, a unified monitoring system (electronic monitoring database for data collection) was implemented and countries such as Spain and Norway developed cloud-based online solutions to gather data at national level. In several countries, the data are collected manually. In addition, PMS-related training events and workshops were organised for EURES staff in a number of EURES countries and at EU level.
In addition to the PMS, the programming cycle (PC) is the main monitoring tool for yearly activities of the EURES countries. The Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2017/1256 introduced the arrangements and templates to be used in the PC. Within this frame, each NCO reports on the outputs and outcomes of their national EURES network in a yearly National Activity Report, against the objectives set out in their National Work Programme.
2.2Horizontal support activities from the European Coordination Office (ECO)
2.2.1Coordination and governance support
In order to ensure a fruitful cooperation within the EURES network, ECO organises the work of the European Coordination Group (ECG), which meets at regular intervals and ad hoc to discuss the state of play, present recent developments and share information and best practices. Ten ECG meetings were held from July 2018 to July 2020.
In addition, to provide support to the NCOs, ECO supervises and facilitates the different stages of the programming cycle and coordinates NCOs’ planning by commenting and reporting on their programmes individually.
2.2.2Operation and development of the EURES Portal and related IT support
ECO operates the EURES Portal and provides related IT support and guidance to the EURES countries in order to enhance interoperability. In the reference period, ECO continued the provision of these services. In particular, among others, supporting material and technical standards and formats were developed and provided to EURES countries in order to facilitate the mapping of their national, regional and sectoral classifications according to the European classification (ESCO mapping). Such mapping is a precondition for the introduction of an automated matching function on the EURES Portal. The support provided included, for instance, the provision of an online ESCO mapping platform, the ESCO implementation manual, and dedicated training sessions. To fulfil this requirement, a number of EURES countries applied for financial support. 9
In addition, ECO continued implementing changes on the EURES Portal, such as improvements to its filter function, to increase its user-friendliness. In this context, the last version update, EURES Portal 4.4, was launched in early 2020 and includes the revamp of the Portal with a new design for the Homepage, compliance with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), changes in the self-service CV lifespan, restricted access for non-EU nationals without a work permit and improvement for enquiries sent by EURES staff. Moreover, ECO introduced a customer satisfaction survey, in order to investigate users’ perceptions of the Portal. Over 70% of the employers were satisfied or very satisfied with the EURES Portal. Concerning the jobseekers and workers, approximately 95% of the respondents were satisfied or very satisfied with the Portal and 8% reported to have found a job using the EURES Portal.
ECO put in place several measures increasing the synergies between the EURES Portal and the newly launched Europass Portal. Europass users looking for jobs are now able to search for EURES jobs, and get suggestions for interesting jobs that match their profile. While search and matching is performed by EURES, results are directly visible on Europass. Additionally, signposting to the different EURES and Europass services on the two Portals helps users to find their way to the service they need. The interoperability of user profiles between EURES and Europass allow registered users on one Portal to export their CVs now to the other portal.
Another important element of ECO’s activities in this regard was the organisation of the Interoperability Working Group (IOCWG), with the aim of facilitating the implementation of Articles 17 and 18 of the EURES Regulation and supporting the information exchange. The work of the IOCWG covers two domains: the first deals with all functional requirements and actions to gather CVs and job vacancies, transfer them and validate them; the second refers to applications allowing searching and matching of data. The working group met five times during the reference period.
2.2.3Training and professional development
The EURES training programme aims to support and assist EURES staff in delivering EURES services. It consists of pre-training (organised by the NCOs based on indicative guidelines, tools and helpdesk provided by ECO) and a Common EURES Training Programme, conducted under ECO’s responsibility. At European level, three types of training on EURES can be distinguished: classroom training, virtual training (live on-line and e-learning), and on demand training.
ECO continued to provide the Common EURES Training Programme and professional development for the EURES staff of Members and Partners. The training activities were based on the training programme for EURES comprising a consolidation phase followed by the EURES Academy which was introduced in 2016. In particular, ECO provided 73 training sessions from July 2018 to December 2019, attended by 2 999 EURES staff.
2.2.4Helpdesk
ECO continued providing a helpdesk function for all users of the EURES Portal and its services (i.e. jobseekers, employers, staff of the EURES Members and Partners, NCOs and guest visitors). This service includes replies to all enquiries relating to the services provided on the EURES Portal, including the Extranet section 10 , and the services provided on the European Job Days platform. Enquiries can be submitted through the Portal web form, a free phone number, an online chat or Skype. The EURES helpdesk processed around 27 700 user enquiries in 2018, 24 249 in 2019 and 9 830 in the first half of 2020.
2.2.5Networking, exchange, and best practice and mutual learning
ECO continued facilitating networking, mutual learning and the exchange of best practices within the EURES network. Apart from regular ECG meetings, mutual learning events with representatives from all EURES countries are organised. For example, a mutual learning event on the topic of admission systems was organised in December 2018. In addition, the EURES Extranet, updated with a new version in 2018, provides workspaces to enhance the exchange of information between EURES countries. For instance, the virtual space ‘Speaker’s Corner’ provides EURES countries with the opportunity to share files, start discussions or exchange information on events. EURES countries are also able to access each other’s Work Programmes and provide individual comments. This commenting exercise aims to enhance information exchange and cooperation during the programming period. Further efforts to provide guidance, harmonise and improve the reporting and monitoring process by ECO included the organisation of annual workshops and the provision of feedback and recommendations on the individual submissions.
2.2.6Information and communication activities
ECO continued supporting information and communication activities within the EURES network to foster EURES awareness. More specifically, in order to best support the NCOs in the implementation of the communication strategy and of their national plans, EURES staff were offered hands-on communication training sessions organised on average twice a month and covering a wide range of topics such as Social Media Content Creation, LinkedIn, Stakeholder Relationships. In addition, EURES countries could use the EURES style guide and Infographics developed by ECO.
ECO also continued its own communication activities, including the management of the EURES social media accounts, with 287 454 fans on Facebook, 38 741 on Twitter, and 52 812 on LinkedIn. In line with its content strategy, ECO focused on a monthly topic in its communication activities, thus exploring different themes regarding careers and employment for EU/EEA citizens.
Reach / Impressions of posts on social media channels of ECO
| Social media channel | Semester 2, 2018 | Semester 1, 2019 | Semester 2, 2019 | Semester 1, 2020 | Total |
| 39 585 902 | 6 449 270 | 2 306 125 | 7 764 993 | 56 106 290 | |
| 361 984 | 910 770 | 2 587 705 | 1 227 479 | 5 087 938 | |
| 1 046 669 | 2 298 356 | 1 563 189 | 1 032 480 | 5 940 694 |
ECO also manages a YouTube account for EURES with over 7 000 subscribers as of July 2020. Some 35 videos were posted in the last two years. In addition, over 120 news articles were shared on the EURES Portal since July 2018 and a newsletter is being distributed on a monthly basis.
Moreover, ECO runs the European (Online) Job Days (EOJD) platform and supported the organisation of 65 job days and recruitment events (online, onsite or both) in 2018 and 2019.
Key Performance Indicators linked to European (Online) Job Days
| Indicator | 2018 | 2019 | Total |
| Number of events | 31 | 34 | 65 |
| Number of positions | 12 817 | 18 775 | 31 592 |
| Number of jobseekers | 28 878 | 36 850 | 65 728 |
| Number of interviews scheduled | 846 | 962 | 1 808 |
Looking at the development of Pan-European communication campaigns, EURES was the backbone of the Commission’s high-level campaign #EUmovers, celebrating 50 years of free movement and 60 years of social security coordination, and ensured an effective outreach of the social media campaign to concerned workers. The campaign raised positive awareness around why Free Movement and Social Security Coordination are so important for EU citizens. It had a large and successful element of engagement with EU workers empowering them to share their stories on how Free Movement and Social Security Coordination had changed their lives.
Furthermore, in 2019, a five-month EU-wide communication campaign under the #EURES25 was launched to celebrate the 25th anniversary of the establishment of the EURES network. The campaign included a strong digital component with videos, paid ads, social media competitions and two internal events for the EURES network, with some EURES advisers being active for 25 years. The campaign enhanced the visibility of EURES on all channels and increased its audience, particularly on LinkedIn and Twitter. Internally the campaign had positive effects on consolidating the EURES network and increasing interaction.
2.2.7Analysis of geographical and occupational mobility
As per Article 29 of the EURES Regulation, the Commission, who is in charge of analysing geographical and occupational mobility trends, published two intra-EU labour mobility reports (i.e. 2018 11 and 2019 12 ) containing key information on flows and patterns in the Union and EFTA countries, with a particular focus on the labour market situation of mobile workers and the gender dimension. In addition, using information provided by the NCOs and an analysis of the European Labour Force Survey (LFS), the Commission published a study on surplus and shortage occupations in 2019. 13
2.2.8Development of an appropriate cooperation and clearance structure for apprenticeships and traineeships
ECO contributed to developing a common understanding and support services by providing a set of minimum data quality requirements and information on apprenticeships and internships on the EURES Portal.
In addition, ECO, between 2017 and 2018 set up an ad hoc working group on apprenticeships and traineeships, which drafted a checklist for hosting organisations (e.g. “on welcome an apprentice or a trainee”), sending organisations (e.g. “on send an apprentice or a trainee”) and data providers (e.g. on “provide job offers on the EURES Portal”). The checklist is available on the EURES Portal and includes recommendations on the stages of attracting, recruiting and employing apprentices and trainees across Europe.
Moreover, as national information and guidance on apprenticeships and traineeships should, inter alia, be published on the EURES portal, since early 2019 ECO has enabled the transmission and publication of apprenticeship and traineeship vacancies on the EURES Portal.
2.2.9Financial resources
ECO’s horizontal support activities are supported by the EURES axis of the EaSI programme, that provides the financing of activities, such as the development and maintenance of the EURES Portal, the common training programme, communication, analytical and network activities and of the mobility schemes, such as Your first EURES Job and Cross Border Partnerships. The total budget allocated to the EURES axis during the reference period corresponded to approximately 20% of the EaSI budget, around € 24.3 million in 2018 14 and € 33.8 million in 2019 15 .
3Implementation of the Regulation in the EURES Countries
The analysis in this section builds on replies received from the NCOs on a survey and checklist, and other information available to the Commission. The table at the top of each sub-section provides a summary view of the related point in the checklist about the implementation of the EURES Regulation.
When data on sub-actions are reported, the table presents an aggregate outcome of the actions. When data for all sub-actions are reported, the lowest value is presented (e.g. if one sub-action has been reported as “Not completed”, the entire action is marked as “X - Not completed”). When no data are reported for some sub-actions, the action is presented as partially completed.
*Data are reported as not available by the NCO or no data were reported.
3.1Composition of the network and organisational matters
3.1.1Regulation requirements
As per EURES Regulation, concerning the composition and organisation of the network, EURES countries have to inform ECO about their designated NCO and representative to the European Coordination Group (ECG). Concerning EURES Members and Partners, EURES countries are required to nominate the Public Employment Service (PES) as a Member in each country, recognising its special status, and ensure the fulfilment of a set of minimum criteria 16 outlining the obligations of PES. Moreover, organisations, which have been part of the national EURES networks before the entry into force of the EURES Regulation, could remain Partners during a transitional period until 13 May 2019 before having to re-apply to become Member or Partners of the EURES network. NCO had to inform ECO of the composition of their network during the transition period.
3.1.2Implementation
All EURES countries designated NCOs and representatives to the ECG, and appointed PES as EURES Members already before 2018. ECO was informed about any changes in the composition of the EURES network. In addition, the organisations with a transitional status were identified by the NCOs, where relevant.
3.1.3Challenges
No specific challenges were reported by the EURES countries in relation to this set of requirements.
3.2Governance and interaction with organisations outside the EURES network
3.2.1Regulation requirements
The core organisations of the EURES network in the EURES countries are the PES and other EURES Members and Partners. However, the functioning of the network requires cooperation with numerous other organisations. The EURES Regulation specifies as responsibilities of the NCOs’ to promote collaboration with relevant stakeholders (e.g. social partners, vocational training and higher education institutions, chambers of commerce) and EU information and advisory services and networks. In addition, NCOs should facilitate regular dialogue for the EURES network with the social partners, in line with national law and practice, and establish contacts with competent authorities at national level in view of providing access to information to jobseekers and employers on taxation, issues related to work contracts, pensions, health insurance, social security and active labour market measures.
3.2.2Implementation
Between 2018 and 2020 several steps were taken by almost all the EURES countries that replied to the checklist to (re)enhance collaboration and dialogue with numerous stakeholder organisations, competent authorities and Union information and advisory services. Most EURES countries have completed a mapping of the relevant stakeholders, EU networks, social partners and national authorities, and established communication channels with them. In some cases, the actions were only partially completed either because no analysis was carried out to identify new potential stakeholders, or Members and Partners have not been included in the interactions with these organisations, since they were either newly admitted or there were no Members and Partners admitted yet. EURES countries relied on printed and online information, open or restricted calls of application, but also individual meetings, calls, emails and information seminars to reach out to stakeholders in view of possible cooperation.
3.2.3Challenges
No specific challenges were reported for the period 2016 to 2018 by the EURES countries in relation to this set of requirements. For the current reporting period, however, NCOs have pointed out a number of obstacles linked to the communication with external stakeholders. Some NCOs face difficulties in winning the trust of stakeholders and in clearly presenting the added value of EURES membership in view of possible admission to the EURES network, especially given the administrative burden associated with it. Other challenges are linked to a lack of human resources, as well as difficulty in finding a common vision with some external stakeholders.
3.3Broadening the network
3.3.1Regulation requirements
With a view to broadening the EURES network, the EURES Regulation requires from each EURES country to establish and implement a system to admit organisations as EURES Members and Partners, as well as the monitoring of the compliance of these organisations with the applicable law. The admission system had to be in place by 13 May 2018 and to be based on the minimum criteria set out in the EURES Regulation. EURES countries could also add national admission criteria. Referring to Article 11 (8) of the Regulation, the Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2017/1255 provided a template for the description of the national admission system and procedures for NCOs to notify ECO.
3.3.2Implementation
All EURES countries have already established or started preparing an admission system for admitting organisations, other than PES, as Members and Partners. The non-EU EURES countries have not yet started the work on admission as the EURES Regulation was taken over in late 2019 by the EEA Joint Committee 17 and now the implementation at national level is still ongoing.
ECO has been informed by almost all EURES countries about their national admission system, using the template defined in Implementing Decision (EU) 2017/1255. However, so far only 13 EURES countries have admitted new Members and/or Partners. Therefore, even though having a formal admission system in place, admission of new Members and Partners has not been implemented by more than half of the EURES countries 18 .
Twenty EURES countries reported to have completely or almost completely implemented a monitoring system for new Members and Partners, whilst five are half way or have started to do so. The remainder of the EURES countries have not started the implementation of a monitoring system either because they do not have an admission system in place yet or are waiting for the first organisations to be admitted.
3.3.3Challenges
One of the challenges, identified in the period 2016 to 2018, was the delay in the setup of the admission system, but this has been largely overcome. However, the increase in the number of new Members and Partners is slow. With a small number of newly admitted Members and Partners, a challenge remains in relation to the implementation of the adopted admission system.
3.4Job vacancies and CV exchanges
3.4.1Regulation requirements
Concerning the transfer of CVs and job vacancies, the EURES Regulation requires all EURES Members and Partners to transfer their publicly available job vacancies and CVs to the EURES Portal and prepare for the exchange of apprenticeship and traineeship data. All data exchanges must take place through a single coordinated channel. Based on Article 17 (8) of the Regulation, the Implementing Decision (EU) 2018/1021 introduced the technical standards to be applied to job vacancies and CVs by the EURES countries for the purposes of an automated matching on the EURES Portal. EURES countries also have to ensure the visibility of the EURES Portal at national level and share information on national practices and data issues.
3.4.2Implementation
Concerning the transfer of CVs and job vacancies, 31 EURES countries have set up a system for transferring job vacancies, and more than half of the EURES countries are transferring CVs through the single coordinated channel. Most of the other EURES countries expect to have the system in place by end of 2020, but highlight delays, especially due to the outbreak of COVID-19 in Europe since March 2020. NCOs reported that participation in the Interoperability Working Group meetings and ECO support help them to implement the obligations of the implementing act.
In most cases traineeships and apprenticeships can be transferred to the EURES Portal using the transmission channel set up for job vacancies. However, several EURES countries cannot implement the transfer of apprenticeships and traineeships offers to the EURES Portal because of the absence of national policy frameworks to handle such vacancies as job offers (e.g. Sweden, Portugal) or their management by a different organisation such as Ministry of Education (e.g. France).
The implementation of the European classification for skills, competences and occupations (ESCO), its mapping to established national classification systems and the transmission of data in the agreed format is ongoing. A small number of EURES countries use ESCO and thus, did not have to introduce a change. The EURES countries have a period of three years after the publication of the Implementing Decision to complete the mapping exercise, i.e. by 2021.
3.4.3Challenges
A number of challenges delayed the transfer of CVs and job vacancies through the single coordinated channel. With regard to the transfer of CVs, NCOs have highlighted repeatedly issues arising from the need to integrate a declaration of willingness to share the data of jobseekers or to establish new processes such as risk analysis to be compliant with data protection regulations. NCOs also report internal challenges linked to the low priority within their IT departments attributed to this particular project. In addition, in some cases internal databases had to be adjusted, which further delayed the process. Connecting newly admitted EURES Members and Partners through the single coordinated channel was identified as a future challenge that will grow in importance with the increase in the number of newly admitted organisations.
3.5Support services
3.5.1Regulation requirements
EURES countries are required to ensure the continuity of EURES services through their national PES, provide information and assistance to jobseekers and employers with their registration on the EURES portal and monitor 19 Members and Partners in the provision of services. The EURES Regulation also specifies that support services should be provided in cross-border regions, where EURES Members or Partners participate in specific cooperation and service structures. EURES countries are also expected to mainstream mobility support in their national active labour market policies.
3.5.2Implementation
All EURES countries report activities and measures taken to ensure continuity in the provision of support services for jobseekers and employers through their national PES. Information on EURES is available through all PES websites and national EURES Portals, where applicable. In addition, EURES advisers provide information to individual jobseekers and workers. Guidance and support are provided for jobseekers and employers to register on the EURES Portal. In some cases, ensuring provision of these services by EURES Members and Partners has not been implemented yet, since no new organisations have been admitted to the network. In 13 EURES countries, support services in cross-border regions are provided also through EURES Members and Partners. In the other cases, relevant stakeholders in the cross-border regions for the provision of support services were identified, but have not been admitted as Members or Partners yet. Eighteen EURES countries reported to have implemented actions to open up Active Labour Market Policies to include job-search assistance for finding jobs abroad and allowing non-nationals to use the service, and two EURES countries are in the process of doing so.
3.5.3Challenges
No specific challenges were reported by the EURES countries in relation to this set of requirements.
3.6Information exchange, programming and performance measurement
3.6.1Regulation requirements
The EURES Regulation requires from EURES countries to collect, analyse and share information on their national labour market situation, including labour shortages and surpluses, as well as on their national EURES activities. The EURES countries also have to provide information regarding their activities planned and report on the performance of their network, using the Commission’s templates for the programming cycle and PMS.
3.6.2Implementation
Information exchange between NCOs and ECO as well as NCOs and EURES Members and Partners takes place through training activities, meetings and via guidelines and information material. In addition, all 27 EURES countries that reported on this topic provide labour market information that contributes to a joint analysis for EURES.
3.6.3Challenges
EURES countries report issues with data collection and reporting for both the PMS and the programming cycle. In particular, NCOs highlight the substantial workload connected to reporting and question the justification of such an administrative burden. Developing IT tools that could reduce the workload and facilitate data collection is not perceived as cost-efficient for smaller EURES countries as it requires substantial financial investment. In addition, they mention lack of internal consistency between the reporting for PMS and programming cycle as well as lack of consistency between the reporting for EURES and internal national reporting systems, which rely on different indicators or use different reporting periods. In some cases, data are not available at national level for specific indicators, especially in relation to the number of vacancies available. The lack or unreliability of data reported limits the reliability and completeness of the possible analysis, according to NCOs.
3.7Addressed actions from previous reporting period
The first EURES Activity Report identified some priorities for the NCOs for the period 2018 – 2020 in order to ensure compliance with EURES Regulation and the efficient functioning of the EURES network. Specifically, the following recommendations were made:
·Advancing the broadening of the network;
·Enhancing collaboration with other stakeholders and within the network;
·Mainstreaming and optimising communication activities;
·Improving data transfer to the EURES Portal and digital activities;
·Further integrating targeted mobility schemes into EURES countries’ activities;
·Ensuring compliance with submission dates and data requests.
Concerning the broadening of the network, the admission of new Members and Partners has taken place unevenly across the EURES countries, although important progress was made in the establishment of admission systems in the majority of EURES countries. Nevertheless, obstacles still persist that hinder the enlargement of the network.
With regard to improving collaboration with other stakeholders, most of the NCOs reported steps to increase the dialogue and cooperation with other organisations, public authorities and Union networks. However, it was pointed out that it is often difficult to raise the level of awareness and appreciation of external organisations on the added value of EURES.
Looking at enhancing the communication and promotion of EURES, EURES countries engaged in promotion of EURES on social media and undertook steps to increase its visibility.
Moreover, as recommended, steps in improving the data transfer were made with the implementation of the single coordinated channel by the majority of EURES countries.
Concerning targeted mobility schemes, it appears that EURES countries strived to integrate mobility schemes in their activities.
Finally, the Performance Measurement System and programming cycle templates are in use across all the EURES countries and almost all of them provide all the requested data in due time.
4Implementation of the Regulation by the European Commission
This section provides an overview of the state of play of the application at EU level of the EURES Regulation as required by the second subparagraph of Article 33 of the Regulation, applying the same symbols as used in Section 3:
4.7.1Regulation requirements
| Areas of ECO activities | Status |
| Provision of horizontal support activities for the benefit of the EURES network | V |
| Preparation for the application of the EURES Regulation | V |
| Facilitation of networking, mutual learning and exchange of best practices (Article 8) | V |
| Information and communication activities regarding the EURES network (Article 1 – 8) | V |
| Provision of training programme for the NCOs EURES members/partners (Article 8) | V |
| Support to broadening the network and the admission systems (Article 3 – 7 – 11) | V |
| Programming cycle and exchange of labour market information including joint analysis | V |
| Development and operation of EURES Portal (including helpdesk function) and interoperability platform | V |
| Measuring performance and monitoring progress | V |
| Management and dialogue at EU level | V |
4.7.2Implementation
ECO continued providing horizontal support to the EURES network:
·ECO provided the necessary implementation guidance to EURES organisations at national level, e.g. in terms of training, mutual learning events, coordination meetings and working groups.
·Concerning the support to networking and learning, ECO continued organising mutual learning events on different topics and supported networking and bilateral discussions during the annual workshops on programming cycle. Moreover, during the European Coordination Group (ECG) meetings, NCO representatives were often invited to present their good practices and innovative approaches. In addition, the EURES Extranet has been updated with dedicated resources to facilitate networking.
·ECO continued delivering training activities to the EURES Members and Partners. The analysis of the responses to NCO surveys shows that these have been particularly appreciated by the NCOs.
·ECO and the Commission were active in raising awareness about EURES through their own information and communication activities and by providing communication support to EURES countries.
·Support to broadening of the network was provided through mutual learning events, training sessions, discussion in the ECG meetings, and by setting up a working group on the topic with the mandate to produce a set of guidelines and toolkit on admission system, admission process, on-boarding of new Members and Partners and on working as an enlarged EURES network.
Looking at the programming cycle and exchange of labour market information, the formalisation of reporting templates and joint analyses was accomplished already before 2018. Concerning the exchange of information on labour markets, ECO continued producing reports on EU labour mobility flows and presenting statistics and analyses on labour shortages and surpluses.
With regard to the improvement of the EURES Portal, the data exchange system has been successfully implemented and the European classification for skills, competences and occupations (ESCO) mapping exercise has been launched. During the reference period, the operation of the EURES Portal was further improved by additional features and customer satisfaction survey. ECO continued providing support to EURES Portal users through a centralised Helpdesk. Some EURES countries transfer apprenticeships and traineeships offers to the EURES Portal and ECO has provided guidance to organisations working with them.
With regard to the EURES monitoring cycle, the evaluation and monitoring tools for the Performance Measurement System (PMS) have been rolled out and results are available.
4.7.3Challenges
Despite the additional efforts to promote EURES, all available feedback suggests that the information and communication activities need even to be further strengthened to promote the EURES brand. Training activities, mutual learning events and working groups are essential for the implementation of the EURES Regulation and the functioning of the network, and adjustments in the training programme to allow for more flexibility (e.g. additional online modules, wider access) can be beneficial.
The programming cycle and exchange of information on the labour markets, the annual programming cycle workshop and the report on labour shortages and surpluses are appreciated by NCOs. However, the usability of information on labour market shortages and surpluses, to be provided by the NCOs themselves, is limited due to methodological challenges and data availability. In addition, a further alignment of the programming cycle and performance measurement is needed to reduce administrative burden.
Looking at the development of EURES Portal and interoperability, while updates of the EURES Portal and the provision of the Helpdesk are assessed by the NCOs as very helpful, the potential of the EURES Extranet as an exchange platform between organisations within the EURES network can be explored further.
4.7.4Addressed actions from previous reporting period
The first EURES Activity Report highlighted the following attention points for European Coordination Office (ECO):
·Completing and analysing the Performance Measurement System (PMS);
·Continuing the development and improvement of EURES Portal;
·Continuing the provision of implementation guidance, especially with regard to the admission systems;
·Strengthening EURES communication and branding;
·Integrating cross-border activities and information exchange.
ECO has completed the roll-out and subsequent analyses of the PMS and continued working on developing advanced features on the EURES Portal. In addition, it has taken actions such as organising mutual learning events and setting up a working group to deliver further guidance and support material on the network enlargement. Steps were taken to strengthen the communication of EURES at EU, national and local level. Finally, concerning the integration of cross-border activities and systematic information exchange in the framework of Cross-Border Partnerships (CBP), the Commission/ECO provided CBP beneficiaries with monitoring templates aligned to the PMS, corresponding to those in use at national level, in order to facilitate the data collection and comparability of information. Moreover, starting from 2020, CBP monitoring data are analysed in the PMS reports.
5Conclusions and Recommendations
5.1Conclusions
In order to achieve the reform of EURES and to ensure fair intra-EU labour mobility, the EURES Regulation set several requirements for the EURES network. As highlighted in the first EURES Activity Report, the challenging implementation environment and external factors led to delays in the fulfilling of these obligations by 2018. In the period from July 2018 and June 2020 both ECO and the EURES countries, advanced in the implementation of the Regulation and outstanding actions are in the process of being completed. Examples of the main accomplishments in the reference period are:
·Most EURES countries have in place an admission system and nearly half of EURES countries have admitted new EURES Members and Partners;
·All but one EURES countries have set up a system for transferring job vacancies via the single coordinated channel, and more than half of the EURES countries are transferring CVs;
·The European classification for skills, competences and occupations (ESCO) mapping exercise has been launched by the EURES countries with the help of ECO;
·Several steps were taken by ECO for the improvement of the usability of the EURES Portal and ECO is investigating possibilities to enable the automated matching of CVs and job vacancies in the near future;
·The Performance Measurement System and programming cycle templates are in full use.
Nevertheless, some challenges still remain to be addressed and new ones are emerging.
The COVID-19 epidemic and closure of internal borders had a serious impact on the free movement of workers and the EURES operations in 2020. New placement activities came to an almost complete standstill in the spring of 2020. EURES information activities were seriously affected.
NCOs reported that EURES staff, especially in PES-based NCOs, were moved to other PES functions such as the implementation of short-term working support schemes considered more urgent, thus seriously hampering the EURES service delivery. The gradual re-opening of borders from June 2020 onwards led to a slow reactivation of EURES activities. ECO presented in May 2020 an action plan for the re-start of EURES in 2020. It is still soon to determine which will be the long term effect in the network, which will have to be reassessed depending on the evolution of the crisis.
In addition, in the short term, the main priorities for the functioning of the EURES network are linked to its enlargement and to the development of interoperability. The broadening of the EURES network is essential for its ability to provide key expertise in mobility issues, also through a portfolio of new EURES Members and Partners with different skills and specialisations. In this regard, the EURES countries have to further admit new organisations and will be faced with the challenge of managing a broader network. Moreover, given the fast-changing technological context, it is important that the EURES Portal is able to offer a state-of-the-art service to jobseekers and employers in terms of usability, user-friendliness and effectiveness. It is also important that all EURES countries are able to transmit both CVs and job vacancies to the Portal in order to increase the pool of opportunities for EURES’s users and continue working on the ESCO mapping and delivery of data in ESCO format, in order to enable automated matching at a later stage which would also attract more EURES members and partners.
In the long term, EURES would benefit from further exploring synergies with complementary initiatives such as Europass and the Single Digital Gateway. In addition, the further integration of the analysis of external factors (e.g. aging population, youth unemployment) in the long-term planning of EURES could increase the relevance of the network in a dynamic labour market context.
These challenges will have to be addressed in a particularly difficult and uncertain period for labour mobility and EURES. As mentioned above, the outbreak of COVID-19 in Europe hindered labour mobility and shifted resources and strategic priorities in EURES countries, having impact on their operational work and likely to cause further delays in the implementation of EURES actions. Moreover, it is important that the transition of ECO to European Labour Authority (ELA), foreseen for 2021, ensures continuity of the horizontal support provided to EURES countries.
5.2Recommendations for EURES countries
Building on the key findings concerning the implementation status and remaining challenges identified in the report, the main priorities concerns for the next reporting period can be summarised as follows:
·Re-start of EURES: in order to mitigate the consequences of COVID-19 in a coordinated manner, it is essential for EURES countries to closely follow-up the implementation of the action plan for the re-start of EURES.
·Network enlargement: during the current reference period many advancements have been made concerning the establishment of an admission system in each EURES country and admission of new Members and Partners. Nevertheless, the EURES network is growing at a slow pace. It is important for EURES countries that have not admitted new Members and Partners yet to intensify their efforts in this regard by proactively reaching out to potential Members and Partners in a targeted way. At the same time, it is important for EURES countries that already work in a broader network to adjust their internal governance and working processes to reflect the new composition of the network.
·Interoperability and IT developments: while some steps have been undertaken to enable the automated transmission of national CVs and job vacancies to the EURES Portal, further work remains to be done. For the completion of the implementation of the EURES Regulation it is essential that all EURES countries are connected to the single coordinated channel. Moreover, the European classification for skills, competences and occupations mapping should become a priority of NCOs. Therefore, it is essential that EURES countries have the necessary human and IT resources to implement these changes.
·Development of EURES services: while the provision of EURES services in all EURES countries is ensured, it is important for the EURES network to integrate even further the analysis of labour market trends in the planning of its activities and to explore the need for targeted activities in view of socio-demographic developments.
5.3Actions to be taken forward by the ECO and the European Commission
On the basis of the abovementioned challenges, ECO should prioritise the following aspects:
·Organise the transfer of ECO to the European Labour Authority (ELA) in a smooth way ensuring business continuity. The implementation of the action plan for the transfer agreed between the Commission and ELA with a gradual transfer of activities, training and job shadowing for the ELA staff should be the highest priority until the end of 2021.
·Support the NCOs and the entire EURES network to re-start of EURES activities and implement the action plan for the re-start.
·Strengthen, together with the NCOs, the delivery of pertinent information, placement and post-recruitment services to seasonal workers, cross-border workers, and others most affected by the COVID-19 crisis.
·Promote and support the use of the European Social Fund Plus (ESF+) for funding of EURES activities in the next programming period 2021-2028.
·Focus not only on providing continuous guidance on the programming cycle and Performance Measurement System (PMS), but also on innovative solutions to combine the two tools in order to facilitate the data collection and analysis, as well as the consistency of the information gathered. Moreover, with the entry into force of the Single Digital Gateway (SDG) 20 and its implementing act, it will be essential to further develop the process of collecting user statistics, especially the response times without increasing the administrative burden for the NCOs.
·Further promote dialogue and discussion in order to facilitate the identification of collaborative schemes to offer opportunities to young workers and for vocational training. The lack of a unified and standardised definition and legal frameworks on apprenticeships and traineeships hinders EURES countries in the promotion of such vacancies on the EURES Portal and within their services.
·Continue working on the improvement of the EURES Portal, enabling both automated matching of CVs and job vacancies and interaction with Europass, SDG and the European classification for skills, competences and occupations.
5.4Actions to be taken forward by the European Labour Authority
·Organise the transfer of ECO to the European Labour Authority (ELA) in a smooth way ensuring business continuity in cooperation with the Commission. The implementation of the action plan for the transfer, together with the recruitment of qualified staff to support ECO, should be the highest priority until end of 2021.
·Develop a comprehensive approach to support fair mobility with EURES, as a key activity that can make a decisive contribution in information provision, placements and post-recruitment assistance for preventing unfair mobility practices.
·Strengthen the communication of EURES and promotion of the EURES brand at EU, national and local level by integrating EURES into the overall ELA communication activities.
·Allocate sufficient resources in the ELA budget for operating EURES in line with the provisions of the EURES Regulation and address the recommendations directed at ECO.
Annex – Relevant figures
Table 1 - Composition of intra-EU mobility, EU-28 citizens in the EU-28, 2017 and 2018
| Type of mobility | 2017 | 2018 | Annual change |
| ‘Long-term’ EU-28 movers (all ages) living in EU-28 (Eurostat demography figures) | 17 million | 17.6 million | +3.6% |
| ‘Long-term’ EU-28 movers of working age (20-64 years) living in EU-28 (Eurostat demography figures) | 12.4 million | 12.9 million | +3.4% |
| (as share of the total working-age population in the EU-28) | 4.1% | 4.2% | |
| EU-28 movers of working age living in EU-28 (EU-LFS figures) | 11.5 million | 11.7 million | +1.1% |
| …of which active EU-28 movers (employed or looking for work) | 9.5 million | 9.7 million | +1.9% |
| (as share of the total labour force in the EU-28) | 4% | 4.1% | |
| EU-28 movers of working age who were born outside the country of residence (EU-LFS figures) | 10.8 million | 10.95 million | +1.4% |
| Cross-border workers (20-64 years) EU-LFS figures) | 1.4 million | 1.5 million | +2% |
| (as share of the total employed in the EU-28) | 0.7% | 0.7% | |
| Number of postings (of employed and self-employed), all ages (no. of PDs A1) ( source: HIVA-KU Leuven) | 2.8 million | 3 million | +6% |
| = approximate number of persons | 1.8 million | 1.9 million | +6% |
| Annual return mobility (20-64 years) (Eurostat data on mobility flows) | 680,000(2016) | 723,000(2017) | +6% |
| (as ratio to EU-28 nationals leaving their country of origin in 2017) | 66% | 72% |
Source: Annual Intra-EU Labour Mobility Report (2019)
Figure 1 - Main shortage and surplus occupations in 2019
| Shortage | Surplus |
| Heavy Truck and Lorry Drivers | Accounting and Bookkeeping Clerks |
| Systems Analysts | Translators, Interpreters and Other Linguists |
| Welders and Flame Cutters | Data Entry Clerks |
| Ag. and Industrial Machinery Mechanics & Repairers | Graphic and Multimedia Designers |
| Building and Related Electricians | Hairdressers |
| Carpenters and Joiners | Journalists |
| Plumbers and Pipe Fitters | Receptionists (general) |
| Cooks | Secretaries (general) |
| Concrete Placers, Concrete Finishers and Related | Sweepers and Related Labourers |
| Metal Working Machine Tool Setters and Operators | Tailors, Dressmakers, Furriers and Hatters |
| Motor Vehicle Mechanics and Repairers | Accountants |
| Nursing Professionals | Administrative and Executive Secretaries |
| Bricklayers and Related Workers | Car, Taxi and Van Drivers |
| Bus and Tram Drivers | Cleaners and Helpers in Offices, Hotels etc. |
| Electrical Engineers | Elementary Workers |
| Generalist Medical Practitioners | Shop Sales Assistants |
| Structural Metal Preparers and Erectors | Bank Tellers and Related Clerks |
| Butchers, Fishmongers and Related Food Preparers | Broadcasting and Audio-visual Technicians |
| Chefs | Cashiers and Ticket Clerks |
| Civil Engineers | General Office Clerks |
| Other Software & Applications Developers/Analysts | Interior Designers and Decorators |
| Software Developers | Mixed Crop Growers |
| Accountants | Painters and Related Workers |
| Advertising and Marketing Professionals | Philosophers, Historians and Political Scientists |
| Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Mechanics | Primary School Teachers |
| Electrical Engineering Technicians | Sociologists, Anthropologists and Related |
| Electrical Mechanics and Fitters | Travel Guides |
| Electronics Engineering Technicians | |
| Industrial and Production Engineers | |
| Plasterers | |
| Shop Sales Assistants | |
| Waiters | |
| Web and Multimedia Developers |
Source: 2019 Analysis of shortage and surplus occupations
(1) In the reference period July 2018 and June 2020 the United Kingdom was a full member of EURES. Its membership in EURES will cease on 31 December 2020.
(2) Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2017/1255 of 11 July 2017 on a template for the description of national systems and procedures to admit organisations to become EURES Members and Partners.Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2017/1256 of 11 July 2017 on templates and procedures for the exchange of information on the EURES network national work programmes at Union level.Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2017/1257 of 11 July 2017 on the technical standards and formats required for a uniform system to enable matching of job vacancies with job applications and CVs on the EURES Portal.Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2018/170 of 2 February 2018 on uniform detailed specifications for data collection and analysis to monitor and evaluate the functioning of the EURES network. Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2018/1020 of 18 July 2018 on the adoption and updating of the list of skills, competences and occupations of the European classification for the purpose of automated matching through the EURES common IT platform Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2018/1021 of 18 July 2018 on the adoption of technical standards and formats necessary for the operation of the automated matching through the common IT platform using the European classification and the interoperability between national systems and the European classification.
(3) As set out in Article 3(7) and 16(4) of Regulation (EU) 2016/589.
(4) Information provided on the EURES Portal
(5) Call for proposals VP/2018/009.
(6) Information provided on the EURES Portal
(7) Call for proposals VP/2019/009
(8) VP/2019/010: EaSI-EURES - Support to national classification inventories & innovative national online services for mobile workers
(9) VP/2019/010, EaSI-EURES: Support to national classification inventories and innovative national online services for mobile workers
(10) The Extranet is the section of the EURES portal only available to internal users, such as EURES advisers, national coordinators and ECO staff. It facilitates the coordination, exchange of information and administrative tasks.
(11) Annual report on intra-EU labour mobility 2018
(12) Annual report on intra-EU labour mobility 2019
(13) European Commission, Labour shortages and surpluses 2019.
(14) 2018 EaSI annual work programme
(15) 2019 EaSI annual work programme – 1st amending decision
(16) Regulation 2016/589, Annex I: Minimum common criteria.
(17) Decision of the EEA Joint Committee No 302/2019 of 13 December 2019 amending Annex V (Free movement of workers) and Protocol 31 (on cooperation in specific fields outside the four freedoms) to the EEA Agreement [2020/320]
(18) On 19 November 2019, the Commission sent administrative letters to the Member States that did not yet comply with the provisions of the EURES regulation, in particular the CV exchange and the admission system. Depending on the planned compliance dates indicated in the replies to these letters, further monitoring and analysis of the implementation, the Commission will consider further actions.
(19) As per Implementing Decision (EU) 2017/1255
(20) Regulation EU 2018/1724