Annexes to COM(2002)415 - Promotion of cogeneration based on a useful heat demand in the internal energy market

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dossier COM(2002)415 - Promotion of cogeneration based on a useful heat demand in the internal energy market.
document COM(2002)415 EN
date February 11, 2004
ANNEX I


Cogeneration technologies covered by this Directive

(a) Combined cycle gas turbine with heat recovery

(b) Steam backpressure turbine

(c) Steam condensing extraction turbine

(d) Gas turbine with heat recovery

(e) Internal combustion engine

(f) Microturbines

(g) Stirling engines

(h) Fuel cells

(i) Steam engines

(j) Organic Rankine cycles

(k) Any other type of technology or combination thereof falling under the definition laid down in Article 3(a)


ANNEX II


Calculation of electricity from cogeneration

Values used for calculation of electricity from cogeneration shall be determined on the basis of the expected or actual operation of the unit under normal conditions of use. For micro-cogeneration units the calculation may be based on certified values.

(a) Electricity production from cogeneration shall be considered equal to total annual electricity production of the unit measured at the outlet of the main generators;

(i) in cogeneration units of type (b), (d), (e), (f), (g) and (h) referred to in Annex I, with an annual overall efficiency set by Member States at a level of at least 75 %, and

(ii) in cogeneration units of type (a) and (c) referred to in Annex I with an annual overall efficiency set by Member States at a level of at least 80 %.

(b) In cogeneration units with an annual overall efficiency below the value referred to in paragraph (a)(i) (cogeneration units of type (b), (d), (e), (f), (g), and (h) referred to in Annex I) or with an annual overall efficiency below the value referred to in paragraph (a)(ii) (cogeneration units of type (a) and (c) referred to in Annex I) cogeneration is calculated according to the following formula:

E CHP = HCHP. C

where:

E CHP is the amount of electricity from cogeneration

C is the power to heat ratio

HCHP is the amount of useful heat from cogeneration (calculated for this purpose as total heat production minus any heat produced in separate boilers or by live steam extraction from the steam generator before the turbine).

The calculation of electricity from cogeneration must be based on the actual power to heat ratio. If the actual power to heat ratio of a cogeneration unit is not known, the following default values may be used, notably for statistical purposes, for units of type (a), (b), (c), (d), and (e) referred to in Annex I provided that the calculated cogeneration electricity is less or equal to total electricity production of the unit:

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If Member States introduce default values for power to heat ratios for units of type (f), (g), (h), (i), (j) and (k) referred to in Annex I, such default values shall be published and shall be notified to the Commission.

(c) If a share of the energy content of the fuel input to the cogeneration process is recovered in chemicals and recycled this share can be subtracted from the fuel input before calculating the overall efficiency used in paragraphs (a) and (b).

(d) Member States may determine the power to heat ratio as the ratio between electricity and useful heat when operating in cogeneration mode at a lower capacity using operational data of the specific unit.

(e) The Commission shall, in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 14(2), establish detailed guidelines for the implementation and application of Annex II, including the determination of the power to heat ratio.

(f) Member States may use other reporting periods than one year for the purpose of the calculations according to paragraphs (a) and (b).


ANNEX III


Methodology for determining the efficiency of the cogeneration process

Values used for calculation of efficiency of cogeneration and primary energy savings shall be determined on the basis of the expected or actual operation of the unit under normal conditions of use.

(a) High-efficiency cogeneration

For the purpose of this Directive high-efficiency cogeneration shall fulfil the following criteria:

- cogeneration production from cogeneration units shall provide primary energy savings calculated according to point (b) of at least 10 % compared with the references for separate production of heat and electricity,

- production from small scale and micro cogeneration units providing primary energy savings may qualify as high-efficiency cogeneration.

(b) Calculation of primary energy savings

The amount of primary energy savings provided by cogeneration production defined in accordance with Annex II shall be calculated on the basis of the following formula:

>PIC FILE= "L_2004052EN.005902.TIF">

Where:

PES is primary energy savings.

CHP Hη is the heat efficiency of the cogeneration production defined as annual useful heat output divided by the fuel input used to produce the sum of useful heat output and electricity from cogeneration.

Ref Hη is the efficiency reference value for separate heat production.

CHP Eη is the electrical efficiency of the cogeneration production defined as annual electricity from cogeneration divided by the fuel input used to produce the sum of useful heat output and electricity from cogeneration. Where a cogeneration unit generates mechanical energy, the annual electricity from cogeneration may be increased by an additional element representing the amount of electricity which is equivalent to that of mechanical energy. This additional element will not create a right to issue guarantees of origin in accordance with Article 5.

Ref Eη is the efficiency reference value for separate electricity production.

(c) Calculations of energy savings using alternative calculation according to Article 12(2)

If primary energy savings for a process are calculated in accordance with Article 12(2) the primary energy savings shall be calculated using the formula in paragraph (b) of this Annex replacing:

"CHP Hη" with "Hη" and

"CHP Eη" with "Eη",

where:

Hη shall mean the heat efficiency of the process, defined as the annual heat output divided by the fuel input used to produce the sum of heat output and electricity output.

Eη shall mean the electricity efficiency of the process, defined as the annual electricity output divided by the fuel input used to produce the sum of heat output and electricity output. Where a cogeneration unit generates mechanical energy, the annual electricity from cogeneration may be increased by an additional element representing the amount of electricity which is equivalent to that of mechanical energy. This additional element will not create a right to issue guarantees of origin in accordance with Article 5.

(d) Member States may use other reporting periods than one year for the purpose of the calculations according to paragraphs (b) and (c) of this Annex.

(e) For micro-cogeneration units the calculation of primary energy savings may be based on certified data.

(f) Efficiency reference values for separate production of heat and electricity

The principles for defining the efficiency reference values for separate production of heat and electricity referred to in Article 4(1) and in the formula set out in paragraph (b) of this Annex shall establish the operating efficiency of the separate heat and electricity production that cogeneration is intended to substitute.

The efficiency reference values shall be calculated according to the following principles:

1. For cogeneration units as defined in Article 3, the comparison with separate electricity production shall be based on the principle that the same fuel categories are compared.

2. Each cogeneration unit shall be compared with the best available and economically justifiable technology for separate production of heat and electricity on the market in the year of construction of the cogeneration unit.

3. The efficiency reference values for cogeneration units older than 10 years of age shall be fixed on the reference values of units of 10 years of age.

4. The efficiency reference values for separate electricity production and heat production shall reflect the climatic differences between Member States.


ANNEX IV


Criteria for analysis of national potentials for high-efficiency cogeneration

(a) The analysis of national potentials referred to in Article 6 shall consider:

- the type of fuels that are likely to be used to realise the cogeneration potentials, including specific considerations on the potential for increasing the use of renewable energy sources in the national heat markets via cogeneration,

- the type of cogeneration technologies as listed in Annex I that are likely to be used to realise the national potential,

- the type of separate production of heat and electricity or, where feasible, mechanical energy that high-efficiency cogeneration is likely to substitute,

- a division of the potential into modernisation of existing capacity and construction of new capacity.

(b) The analysis shall include appropriate mechanisms to assess the cost effectiveness - in terms of primary energy savings - of increasing the share of high-efficiency cogeneration in the national energy mix. The analysis of cost effectiveness shall also take into account national commitments accepted in the context of the climate change commitments accepted by the Community pursuant to the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.

(c) The analysis of the national cogeneration potential shall specify the potentials in relation to the timeframes 2010, 2015 and 2020 and include, where feasible, appropriate cost estimates for each of the timeframes.