Annexes to COM(2001)575 - Establishing common rules in the field of civil aviation security - Main contents
Please note
This page contains a limited version of this dossier in the EU Monitor.
| dossier | COM(2001)575 - Establishing common rules in the field of civil aviation security. |
|---|---|
| document | COM(2001)575  |
| date | December 16, 2002 |
1. DEFINITIONS
1.
‘Accompanied hold baggage’: Baggage accepted for carriage in the hold of an aircraft, on which the passenger who checked it in is on-board.
2.
‘Airside’: The movement area of an airport, adjacent terrain and buildings, or portions thereof.
3.
‘Aircraft Security Check’: An inspection of the interior of an aircraft to which passengers may have had access and an inspection of the hold for the purpose of discovering prohibited articles.
4.
‘Aircraft Security Search’: A thorough inspection of the interior and the exterior of the aircraft for the purpose of discovering prohibited articles.
5.
‘Background check’: A check of a person's identity and previous experience, including any criminal history, as part of the assessment of an individual's suitability for unescorted access to security restricted areas.
6.
‘Cabin baggage’: Baggage intended for carriage in the cabin of an aircraft.
7.
‘Commercial Flight’: A scheduled or non-scheduled flight or flight activity rendered for hire to the general public or private groups for valuable consideration.
8.
‘Co-Mat’: Abbreviation of air carrier company materials, shipped within its network of stations.
9.
‘Co-Mail’: Abbreviation of air carrier company mail, shipped within its network of stations.
10.
‘Continuous Random Checks’: Checks conducted during the entire period of activity, whilst those checks are to be conducted on a random basis.
11.
‘General Aviation’: Any scheduled or unscheduled flight activity not offered or available to the general public.
12.
‘EDS’ — Explosive Detection System. A system or combination of different technologies which has the ability to detect, and so to indicate by means of an alarm, explosive material contained in baggage, irrespective of the material from which the bag is made.
13.
‘EDDS’ — Explosive Device Detection System. A system or combination of different technologies which has the ability to detect, and so to indicate by means of an alarm, an explosive device by detecting one or more components of such a device contained in baggage, irrespective of the material from which the bag is made.
14.
‘Hold Baggage’: Baggage intended for carriage in the hold of an aircraft.
15.
‘Known Consignor’:
| (a) | For Cargo: The originator of property for transportation by air for his own account and who has established business with a regulated agent or air carrier on the basis of criteria detailed in this Annex. |
| (b) | For Mail: The originator of mail for transportation by air for his own account and who has established business with a regulated postal authority/administration. |
16.
‘Landside’: The area of an airport which is not airside and includes all public areas.
17.
‘Mail’: Despatches of correspondence and other objects tendered by and intended for delivery to postal administrations. A postal authority/administration is defined by Member States.
18.
‘Prohibited article’: An object which can be used to commit an act of unlawful interference and that has not been properly declared and subjected to the applicable laws and regulations. An indicative list of such prohibited articles is found in the Attachment.
19.
‘PEDS’: Primary Explosive Detection System. A system or combination of different technologies which has the ability to detect, and so to indicate by means of an alarm, explosive material contained in baggage, irrespective of the material from which the bag is made.
20.
‘Regulated Agent’: An agent, freight forwarder or other entity who conducts business with an operator and provides security controls that are accepted or required by the appropriate authority in respect of cargo, courier and express parcels or mail.
21.
‘Security Restricted Area’: Airside areas of an airport into which access is controlled to ensure security of civil aviation. Such areas will normally include, inter alia, all passenger departure areas between screening points and aircraft, ramp, baggage make-up areas, cargo sheds, mail centres and airside cleaning and catering premises.
22.
‘Security Controls’: Means by which the introduction of prohibited articles can be prevented.
23.
‘Screening’: The application of technical or other means which are intended to identify and/or detect prohibited articles.
24.
‘Unaccompanied hold baggage’: Baggage accepted for carriage in the hold of an aircraft, on which the passenger who checked it in is not onboard.
25.
‘Terminal’: The main building or group of buildings where the processing of commercial passengers and freight and the boarding of aircraft occurs.
26.
‘TIP’: Threat Image Projection, a software programme, which can be installed on certain x-ray machines. The programme projects virtual images of threat articles (e.g. a gun, knife, improvised explosive device) within the x-ray image of a real bag under examination, and provides immediate feedback to the x-ray machine operator on the operator's ability to detect such images.
27.
‘Trace Detection Equipment’: Technology system or combination of different technologies which has the ability to detect very small amounts (1/billion of a gram), and so to indicate by means of an alarm, explosive materials contained in baggage, or other articles subjected for analysis.
2. AIRPORT SECURITY
2.1. Airport Planning Requirements
The design or layout of airports, passenger and cargo terminals and other buildings having direct airside access shall take into account the essential requirements relating to:
| (a) | security controls applied to passengers, baggage, cargo, courier and express parcels, mail and air carrier catering stores and supplies; |
| (b) | the protection and control of access to airside, security restricted areas and other sensitive airport areas and facilities; |
| (c) | the efficient use of security equipment. |
2.1.1. Airside/Landside Boundaries
Boundaries shall be established between landside and airside areas at airports.
2.1.2. Security Restricted Areas
Security Restricted Areas shall be established at each airport.
2.2. Access Control
2.2.1. Security Restricted Areas and Other Airside Areas
| (i) | Access to security restricted areas and other airside areas shall be controlled at all times to ensure that no unauthorised person enters these areas and that no prohibited articles can be introduced into security restricted areas or aircraft. |
| (ii) | All staff requiring access to security restricted areas shall be subjected to a minimum 5-year background check. The check shall be repeated at regular intervals not exceeding 5 years. |
| (iii) | All staff requiring access to security restricted areas shall also receive regular training in aviation security (see point 12.3) including the risks to aviation security and be instructed to report to the relevant authority any incident which may pose a threat to aviation security. |
| (iv) | Airport identification cards shall be issued to all personnel working in the airport or visiting it frequently, (including airport and air carrier employees and employees of other organisations). The airport identification card shall carry the name and photograph of the bearer. It shall be valid for a limited period only. The relevant authority shall determine when a permanent airport identification card shall be issued to frequent visitors. |
| (v) | The airport identification card shall be worn in a visible place, at all times while its holder is on duty. |
| (vi) | Vehicles which need to be used airside shall remain airside to the extent practicable. |
| (vii) | Vehicles requiring to move between landside and airside areas shall be issued with a pass specific to the vehicle and fixed to it in an easily visible place. Other vehicles requiring airside access shall be admitted only after having been inspected and issued with a temporary pass. Vehicles on emergency missions may be exempt from these requirements. |
| (viii) | Airport identification cards and vehicle passes shall be checked at all airside and security restricted area checkpoints. |
2.2.2. Terminal Areas
Surveillance shall be maintained over all terminal areas accessible to the public. Terminals shall be patrolled and passengers and other persons kept under surveillance by security staff.
2.2.3. Other Public Areas
The means of controlling access to public areas which are close to aircraft movement areas, (spectator terraces, airport hotels and car parks), shall be provided. Other public areas which shall require supervision are, but are not limited to, facilities which are always located landside including patron and other public parking areas, terminal and public access roadways, rental car facilities, taxi and ground transportation staging areas, and any on-airport hotel facilities.
Arrangements shall also be made to ensure that such public areas may be closed at short notice in the event of an increase in threat. Security staff shall patrol these areas when open to the public.
2.3. Screening of Staff, Items Carried and Vehicles
| (a) | All staff, including flight crew, together with items carried shall be screened before being allowed access into security restricted area. Where this is not practicable, then persons and items shall be subjected to continuous appropriate random screening at a frequency indicated by risk assessments conducted by the competent authority in each Member State; random screening shall be extended to all items carried onboard aircraft by any services including cleaning, duty free, and other parties with aircraft access. One year after the entry into force of this Regulation, all staff, including flight crew, together with items carried shall be screened before being allowed access into the critical parts of security restricted areas, as identified by the competent authority of each Member State. By 1 July 2004, the Commission will adopt appropriate implementing measures for a common definition of the critical parts of security restricted areas in accordance with Article 4(2) of this Regulation. Such measures shall be fully applicable at the latest five years after their adoption by the Commission, without prejudice to Article 6 of this Regulation. The screening procedure shall ensure that no prohibited article is carried and the methods used shall be the same as for screening passengers and cabin baggage. |
| (b) | Vehicles and supplies being conveyed airside or to other security restricted areas shall be inspected on a random basis. |
2.4. Physical Security and Patrols
| (a) | Aprons and other parking areas shall be adequately illuminated, and, in particular, the lighting provided shall illuminate vulnerable areas of the airport. |
| (b) | Technical and maintenance areas shall be protected by fencing, guards, patrols and access to these areas controlled by means of airport identification cards and vehicle passes. Similar measures shall be taken to protect the perimeter and such airport-based installations as power supplies, electrical sub-stations, navigational facilities, control towers and other buildings used by the air traffic control services, and fuel and communications facilities. Special precautions shall be taken against attempts to sabotage fuel and communications facilities. |
| (c) | The perimeter fence and adjacent areas to security restricted areas, other airside areas outside this fence, including those in the immediate vicinity of the runway threshold and taxiways, shall be subjected to surveillance by patrols, closed circuit television or other monitoring measures. Strict challenging procedures for persons without airport identification displayed, and persons accessing areas for which they are unauthorised shall be implemented. |
| (d) | Access to airside and security restricted areas via airport tenant offices, maintenance hangars, cargo facilities, other service and facility buildings shall be restricted to the minimum required. |
3. AIRCRAFT SECURITY
3.1. Searching and Checking Aircraft
| 1. | All aircraft shall be searched as follows:
|
| 2. | All aircraft security searches and aircraft security checks shall be conducted once all service providers (caterers, cleaners, duty-free and others), other than those involved in the security function, have left the aircraft and sterility shall be maintained until and throughout the boarding process and pre-departure. |
3.2. Protection of Aircraft
| 1. | Responsibility shall be established for controlling access to parked aircraft and executed as follows:
|
| 2. | Each aircraft in service shall be placed under surveillance sufficient to detect unauthorised access. |
| 3. | Access to aircraft not in service shall be controlled as follows:
|
| 4. | In addition, when all staff are not screened for access into security restricted areas, each aircraft shall be visited at least once every 30 minutes by a foot or mobile patrol or placed under surveillance sufficient to detect unauthorised access. |
| 5. | Aircraft shall, wherever possible, be parked away from perimeter fences or other easily penetrable barriers and in well-illuminated areas. |
4. PASSENGERS AND CABIN BAGGAGE
4.1. Screening of Passengers
| 1. | Other than as referred to in point 3 below, all departing passengers (i.e. originating and transfer passengers, unless previously screened to the standard detailed in this Annex), shall be screened to prevent prohibited articles from being introduced into the security restricted areas and on board an aircraft. Passengers shall be screened by the following methods:
|
| 2. | Where Walk-Through-Metal-Detection equipment is used, it shall be calibrated to such a level as to reasonably ensure that small metallic items are detected. |
| 3. | Appropriate authorities may create categories of persons that shall be subject to special screening procedures or exempted from screening. |
| 4. | Security provisions shall be developed for potentially disruptive passengers. |
4.2. Separation of Passengers
Screened departing passengers shall not mix with arriving passengers who may not have been screened to the standard detailed in this Annex. Where these passengers cannot be physically separated then the security objective shall be achieved by the application of compensatory measures in accordance with the assessment of the risk by the competent authority.
4.3. Screening of Cabin Baggage
| 1. | The cabin baggage of all departing passengers (i.e. originating and transfer passengers, unless previously screened to the standard detailed in this Annex), shall be screened prior to being allowed into security restricted areas and on board an aircraft. Any prohibited articles shall be removed from the passenger's possession or the passenger denied access into the security restricted area or the aircraft as appropriate. Cabin baggage shall be screened by one of the following methods:
|
| 2. | Cabin baggage of those parties listed under point 4.1 paragraph 3 may be subject to special screening procedures or exempted from screening. |
4.4. Screening of Diplomats
Subject to the provisions of the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, diplomats and other privileged persons and their personal baggage, except ‘diplomatic bags’, shall be liable to screening for security purposes. Air carrier staff responsible for receiving diplomatic bags shall make sure that they have, in fact, been sent by duly-appointed officials of the missions concerned. Diplomatic couriers and their personal baggage are not exempted from screening.
5. HOLD BAGGAGE
5.1. Reconciliation of Hold Baggage
| 1. | Hold baggage shall not be placed on board an aircraft unless the following measures are taken:
|
| 2. | Measures shall be established to ensure that if a passenger checked in for a flight, who has placed baggage in the custody of the air carrier, is not onboard the aircraft, such hold baggage shall be removed from the aircraft and shall not be carried on that flight. |
| 3. | A hold baggage manifest or an alternative means of providing evidence which confirms the identification and screening of unaccompanied hold baggage shall be drawn up. |
5.2. Screening of Hold Baggage
| 1. | Accompanied Hold Baggage. All items of accompanied hold baggage (both originating and transfer hold baggage, unless previously screened to the standard detailed in this Annex), shall be screened by one of the following methods before being loaded onto an aircraft:
|
| 2. | Unaccompanied Hold Baggage. All items of unaccompanied baggage, both originating and transfer hold baggage, shall be screened by one of the following methods, before being loaded onto an aircraft:
unless the unaccompanied baggage, which has been previously screened to the standard detailed in this Annex, has been separated due to factors beyond the passenger's control, and the unaccompanied baggage has been within the care of the air carrier. |
5.3. Protection of Hold Baggage
| 1. | Hold baggage to be carried on an aircraft, shall be protected from unauthorised interference from the point at which it is accepted into the care of the carrier until departure of the aircraft on which it is to be carried. The following measures shall be taken in protecting hold baggage:
|
6. CARGO, COURIER AND EXPRESS PARCELS
6.1. Application
All cargo, courier and express parcels intended to be carried on passenger or all-cargo aircraft shall be subjected to the security controls detailed hereunder before being placed on board the aircraft.
6.2. Qualifications for a Regulated Agent
Regulated agents shall be:
| (a) | designated, approved or listed by the appropriate authority; |
| (b) | subject to specified obligations, as defined by the appropriate authority. |
6.3. Security Controls
| 1. | Cargo, courier and express parcels shall only be carried by air where the following security controls have been applied:
Where none of the above means and methods of security control can be applied owing to the nature of the consignment, the appropriate authority may specify a storage period. |
| 2. | Once security controls have been implemented, including controls on cargo from known consignors, whether on or off airport grounds, sterility of the shipments shall be maintained until such time as it is placed onboard aircraft and maintained until the departure of the aircraft. |
| 3. | The security controls detailed in paragraph 1 need not be applied in respect of:
|
6.4. Criteria for a Known Consignor
| 1. | A regulated agent or air carrier may only recognise a consignor as a known consignor by:
|
6.5. Carriage on All-Cargo Aircraft
Where consignments can be positively identified for carriage only on all-cargo aircraft, the criteria detailed in point 6.4 need not apply provided that the known consignor:
| (a) | has a confirmed bona fide business address; and |
| (b) | has previously shipped with the regulated agent or air carrier; and |
| (c) | has an established business relationship with the regulated agent or air carrier; and |
| (d) | ensures that all consignments are protected from unauthorised access until taken into the custody of the air carrier. |
6.6. Transhipment Cargo
Transhipment cargo arriving by air need not have the security controls detailed in point 6.3. paragraph 1 applied to it provided that it is protected against unauthorised interference at the transit point. Other transhipment cargo, such as land or rail cargo, not being submitted to security controls at the point of departure or en route shall be screened in accordance with point 6.3 paragraph 1(b) and protected from unauthorised interference.
7. MAIL
7.1. Application
Mail carried on passenger, all-cargo and all-mail aircraft shall be subjected to security controls before being placed on board an aircraft.
7.2. Qualifications for Regulated Postal Authority/Administration
| 7.2.1. | Each regulated postal authority/administration submitting mail to an air carrier for carriage shall meet the following minimum criteria:
|
7.3. Security Controls
| 1. | Time Sensitive Mail. Time-sensitive mail (i.e. up to 48 hour delivery) shall only be carried by air where the following security controls have been applied:
|
| 2. | Other Mail. Mail which is not time-sensitive may be carried by air provided that the measures detailed in paragraph 1(a) and (b) have been applied. The security controls detailed in paragraph 1(b) need only be applied to a random proportion of mail. |
| 3. | The security controls detailed in paragraph 1(b) need not be applied in respect of:
|
7.4. Criteria for a Known Consignor
Regulated postal authority/administration may only recognise a consignor as a known consignor by:
| (a) | establishing and registering the identity and address of the consignor and the agents authorised to carry out deliveries on his behalf; |
| (b) | requiring the consignor to declare that he protects the consignment against unauthorised interference during preparation, storage and transportation; and |
| (c) | requiring the consignor to:
|
7.5. Transhipment Mail
Transhipment mail arriving by air need not have the security controls detailed in point 7.3 applied to it provided that it is protected against unauthorised interference at the transit point. Other transhipment mail, such as land or rail mail, not being submitted to security controls at the point of departure or en route shall be screened in accordance with point 7.3 paragraph 1 and protected from unauthorised interference.
8. AIR CARRIER MAIL AND MATERIALS
8.1. Application
Air carrier company mail and materials carried on its own aircraft shall be subjected to security controls before being placed on board an aircraft.
8.2. Definitions
Mail and materials shall mean internal dispatches of correspondence and materials, such as but not limited to, documentation, supplies, maintenance spares, catering and cleaning supplies and other articles, intended for delivery to its own or contracted organisation for use within air carrier operations.
8.3. Security controls
Any air carrier shipment of company mail (‘co-mail’) or company materials (‘co-mat’) shall be subject to the following measures:
| (a) | it shall be controlled and security screened to ensure that no prohibited article has been introduced into company shipment; and |
| (b) | it shall not be left unattended prior to being loaded onboard an aircraft. |
Air carriers shall ensure that any other co-mail or co-mat shipment made on behalf of the carrier by a contract organisation such as, but not limited to, catering equipment and stores, cleaning supplies and other materials handled by contracted service providers, is screened prior to loading on board aircraft.
9. AIR CARRIER CATERING STORES AND SUPPLIES
9.1. Application
Air carrier catering, stores and supplies on board aircraft shall be subjected to security controls to prevent any prohibited article being taken on board an aircraft.
9.2. Security Controls
| 1. | Suppliers of air carrier catering stores and supplies shall implement security controls to prevent the introduction of prohibited articles into such stores and supplies intended to be carried on board aircraft. These measures shall include the following:
|
| 2. | After delivery, stores and supplies shall be screened on a random basis. |
| 3. | Stores and supplies from a company which has not been subject to measures listed under paragraph 1 shall not be taken on board an aircraft. |
10. AIR CARRIER CLEANING, STORES AND SUPPLIES
10.1. Application and objective
Measures shall be taken by air carriers and cleaning companies to ensure that air carrier cleaning, stores and supplies taken on-board do not contain any prohibited articles that could endanger the safety of the aircraft.
10.2. Security controls
| 1. | Suppliers of air carrier cleaning services, stores and supplies shall introduce security measures necessary to prevent the introduction of prohibited articles into cleaning supplies to be taken on-board. The following security measures shall taken:
|
| 2. | After delivery, cleaning supplies shall be screened on a random basis. |
| 3. | Supplies from a company which does not comply with the security control measures in paragraph 1 shall not be taken on board an aircraft. |
11. GENERAL AVIATION
11.1. Security Controls
| 1. | General aviation aircraft at airports shall not be parked in close proximity to aircraft which are used for commercial flights in order to avoid breach of security measures applied to those aircraft, baggage, cargo and mail to be carried on-board. |
| 2. | Provisions to separate screened passengers of commercial flights from occupants of general aviation aircraft shall be implemented, based on the following criteria:
|
12. STAFF RECRUITMENT AND TRAINING
12.1. National Aviation Security Training Programme
Each Appropriate Authority shall develop and implement a National Aviation Security Training Programme to enable aircrew and ground personnel to implement aviation security requirements and to respond to acts of unlawful interference with aviation.
12.2. Security Staff
| 1. | The National Aviation Security Training programme should include selection, qualification, training, certification and motivation of security staff. People who are deployed to undertake security duties either as all or part of their employment shall fulfil the following requirements as specified by the appropriate authority:
|
| 2. | Training of Security Staff Security staff shall be trained to undertake the duties to which they will be assigned; such training shall include, but not be limited to, the following security areas:
The scope of training may be increased subject to aviation security needs and technology development. The initial training period for screening staff shall not be shorter than the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) recommendation. |
| 3. | Certification of Security Staff Security screening staff shall be approved or certified by the national appropriate authority. |
| 4. | Motivation of security staff Appropriate measures shall be promoted to ensure that security staff are highly motivated so as to be effective in the performance of their duties. |
12.3. Other staff
Flight crew and airport ground staff Security Training and Awareness training programme shall be conducted on initial and recurrent basis for all airport and air carrier flight and airport ground staff. The training shall contribute towards raised security awareness as well as improving the existing security systems. It shall incorporate the following components:
| 1. | security systems and access control; |
| 2. | ground and in-flight security; |
| 3. | pre-boarding screening; |
| 4. | baggage and cargo security; |
| 5. | aircraft security and searches; |
| 6. | weapons and prohibited articles; |
| 7. | overview of terrorism; and |
| 8. | other areas and measures relating to security that are considered appropriate to enhance security awareness. |
The security training course for all airport and air carrier ground staff with access to security restricted areas, shall be designed for a duration of at least 3 hours in the classroom and a 1 hour field introduction.
13. GUIDELINES FOR EQUIPMENT
Equipment used in support of aviation security shall be approved by the appropriate authority in accordance with the guidelines outlined in this section.
13.1. Metal Detection Equipment
1. Walk-through metal detectors
Walk-through metal detectors used in passenger screening at airports shall fulfil the following requirements:
| (a) | Security
|
| (b) | Operating requirements The functioning of the equipment shall not be affected by its environment. |
| (c) | Alarm indication Metal detection shall be indicated automatically, leaving nothing to the operator's discretion (go/no go indicator system): |
| (d) | Controls
|
| (e) | Calibration Calibration procedures shall not be made available to unauthorised persons. |
2. Hand-held metal detectors
Hand-held metal detectors used in passenger screening shall fulfil the following requirements:
| (a) | Equipment shall detect small quantities of metal without being in direct contact with the object in all foreseeable conditions. |
| (b) | Equipment shall detect both ferrous and non-ferrous metals. |
| (c) | The detector coil shall be designed to pinpoint the position of detected metal easily. |
| (d) | Equipment shall be fitted with audible and/or visible alarm indicators. |
13.2. Standards and Testing Procedures for X-ray Equipment
1. Applicability
| (a) | Equipment These requirements and guidelines for X-ray security equipment shall be applicable to any X-ray-based screening equipment that provides an image for an operator to interpret. This includes conventional X-rays as well as EDS/EDDS used in indicative mode. |
| (b) | Items Similarly, these requirements and guidelines for X-ray security equipment shall be applicable to every item being screened, whatever its type or size. Any item going on board an aircraft, if it has to be screened, has to be screened to the standards contained in this Annex. |
2. Performance requirements
| (a) | Security The X-ray equipment shall provide for the necessary detection, measured in terms of resolution, penetration and discrimination, to ensure that prohibited articles are not carried on board aircraft. |
| (b) | Tests Performance shall be assessed using appropriate test procedures. |
| (c) | Operational requirements The X-ray equipment shall display a complete image of any item fitting into the tunnel. There shall be no corner cut-off. Distortion of the item displayed shall be kept to a minimum. The belt of the machine shall be marked to indicate where bags are to be placed on the belt to obtain optimum images. Contrast sketching: the X-ray equipment shall have the ability to display groups of grey levels (scan a smaller range). The image of any part of the item being screened shall be displayed on the screen for at least 5 seconds. In addition, the operator shall have the ability to stop the belt and, if necessary, reverse the belt when further examination is required. Screen size: the monitor's screen shall be sufficient in size for the operator's comfort (typically 14 inches and above). Screen characteristics: the screen shall be flicker-free and have at least 800 lines (typically 1024 × 1024 pixels, i.e. high-resolution monitors). Where dual monitors are used, one shall be monochrome only. The X-ray equipment shall indicate visually materials it cannot penetrate. The X-ray equipment shall provide organic and inorganic stripping. The systems shall provide automatic threat recognition to facilitate the operator's search. |
3. Maintenance
No unauthorised changes, including maintenance or repair, shall be made. There shall be no change in the hardware or the software of the machine without verifying that it does not adversely affect image performance.
The composition of the belt material shall not be changed without verifying that this induces no change in image performance.
If modem access for maintenance or upgrades is available, access shall be controlled and monitored.
Attachment
Guidelines for classification of prohibited articles
Guidelines are given below for the possible shapes of weapons and restricted items, common sense shall however prevail in assessing whether an object gives cause to believe that it may be used as a weapon.
(i) Firearms: Any weapon from which a shot may be fired by the force of an explosion or compressed air or gas, including starter and flare pistols.
(ii) Knives and cutting tools: Including sabres, swords, cardboard cutters, hunting knives, souvenir knives, martial arts devices, professional tools and such other knives with blades of 6 cm long or longer and/or knives considered illegal by local law.
(iii) Bludgeons: Blackjacks, billy clubs, baseball clubs or similar instruments.
(iv) Explosives/Ammunition/Flammable Liquids/Corrosive: Any explosive or incendiary components, which by themselves or in conjunction with other items can result in an explosion or fire. These include explosive materials, blasting caps, fireworks, gasoline, other flammable liquids, ammunition, etc., or any combination of these items. Any corrosive or toxic substances, including gases, whether or not under pressure.
(v) Disabling or Incapacitating Items: All tear gas, mace, and similar chemicals and gases whether in pistol, canister, or other container, and other disabling devices such as electronic stunning/shocking devices.
(vi) Other Articles: Such items as ice picks, alpenstocks, straight razors, and elongated scissors, which, even though not commonly thought of as a deadly or dangerous weapon, could be used as a weapon, including toy or ‘dummy’ weapons or grenades.
(vii) Articles of any kind giving rise to reasonable suspicion that an items may be used to simulate a deadly weapon; such articles shall include but not be limited to: objects resembling explosive devices or other items that may give appearance of a weapon or dangerous item.
(viii) Chemical/biological attack items and substances: The possibilities for chemical/biological attacks include the use of chemical or biological agents to commit unlawful acts. Such restricted chemical/biological substances shall include but not be limited to the following: sulphur mustard, vx., chlorine, sarin, hydrogen cyanide, anthrax, botulism, smallpox, tularemia, and viral haemorrhagic fever (v.h.f.).
Items indicating the nature of the chemical/biological substance, or suspicion of such nature shall be immediately notified to airport authority, police, military or other relevant authority and isolated from public terminal areas.