A number of amendments are to be made to Directive 2002/92/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (3). In the interests of clarity, that Directive should be recast.
(2)
Since the main objective and subject matter of this recast is to harmonise national provisions concerning insurance and reinsurance distribution, and since those activities are carried out across the Union, this new Directive should be based on Article 53(1) and Article 62 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). The form of a directive is appropriate in order to enable the implementing provisions in the areas covered by this Directive, when necessary, to be adjusted to any existing specificities of the particular market and legal system in each Member State. This Directive should also aim at coordinating national rules concerning access to the activities of insurance and reinsurance distribution.
(3)
However, this Directive is aimed at minimum harmonisation and should therefore not preclude Member States from maintaining or introducing more stringent provisions in order to protect customers, provided that such provisions are consistent with Union law, including this Directive.
(4)
Insurance and reinsurance intermediaries play a central role in the distribution of insurance and reinsurance products in the Union.
(5)
Various types of persons or institutions, such as agents, brokers and ‘bancassurance’ operators, insurance undertakings, travel agents and car rental companies can distribute insurance products. Equality of treatment between operators and customer protection requires that all those persons or institutions be covered by this Directive.
(6)
Consumers should benefit from the same level of protection despite the differences between distribution channels. In order to guarantee that the same level of protection applies and that the consumer can benefit from comparable standards, in particular in the area of the disclosure of information, a level playing field between distributors is essential.
(7)
The application of Directive 2002/92/EC has shown that a number of provisions require further precision with a view to facilitating the exercise of insurance distribution and that the protection of consumers requires an extension of the scope of that Directive to all sales of insurance products. Insurance undertakings which sell insurance products directly should be brought within the scope of this Directive on a similar basis to insurance agents and brokers.
(8)
In order to guarantee that the same level of protection applies regardless of the channel through which customers buy an insurance product, either directly from an insurance undertaking or indirectly from an intermediary, the scope of this Directive needs to cover not only insurance undertakings or intermediaries, but also other market participants who sell insurance products on an ancillary basis, such as travel agents and car rental companies, unless they meet the conditions for exemption.
(9)
There are still substantial differences between national provisions which create barriers to the taking-up and pursuit of the activities of insurance and reinsurance distribution in the internal market. There is a need to strengthen further the internal market and promote a true internal market for life and non-life insurance products and services.
(10)
Current and recent financial turbulence has underlined the importance of ensuring effective consumer protection across all financial sectors. It is appropriate, therefore, to strengthen the confidence of customers and to make regulatory treatment of the distribution of insurance products more uniform in order to ensure an adequate level of customer protection across the Union. The level of consumer protection should be raised in relation to Directive 2002/92/EC in order to reduce the need for varying national measures. It is important to take into consideration the specific nature of insurance contracts in comparison to investment products regulated under Directive 2014/65/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council (4). The distribution of insurance contracts, including insurance-based investment products, should therefore be regulated under this Directive and be aligned with Directive 2014/65/EU. The minimum standards should be raised with regard to distribution rules and a level playing field should be created in respect of all insurance-based investment products.
(11)
This Directive should apply to persons whose activity consists of providing insurance or reinsurance distribution services to third parties.
(12)
This Directive should apply to persons whose activity consists of the provision of information on one or more contracts of insurance in response to criteria selected by the customer, whether via a website or other media, or the provision of a ranking of insurance products or a discount on the price of an insurance contract when the customer is able to directly or indirectly conclude an insurance contract at the end of the process. This Directive should not apply to websites managed by public authorities or consumers’ associations which do not aim to conclude any contract but merely compare insurance products available on the market.
(13)
This Directive should not apply to mere introducing activities consisting of the provision of data and information on potential policyholders to insurance or reinsurance intermediaries or undertakings or of information about insurance or reinsurance products or an insurance or reinsurance intermediary or undertaking to potential policyholders.
(14)
This Directive should not apply to persons with another professional activity, such as tax experts, accountants or lawyers, who provide advice on insurance cover on an incidental basis in the course of that other professional activity, nor should it apply to the mere provision of information of a general nature on insurance products, provided that the purpose of that activity is not to help the customer conclude or fulfil an insurance or reinsurance contract. This Directive should not apply to the professional management of claims on behalf of an insurance or reinsurance undertaking, nor to the loss adjusting and expert appraisal of claims.
(15)
This Directive should not apply to persons practising insurance distribution as an ancillary activity where the premium does not exceed a certain amount and the risks covered are limited. Such insurance can be complementary to a good or to a service, including in relation to the risk of non-use of a service expected to be used at a certain point in time, such as a train journey, a gym subscription or a seasonal theatre pass, and other risks linked to travel such as travel cancellation or loss of baggage. However, in order to ensure that an adequate degree of consumer protection is always attached to the activity of insurance distribution, an insurance undertaking or insurance intermediary, carrying out the distribution activity through an ancillary insurance intermediary exempted from the requirements set out in this Directive, should ensure the fulfilment of certain basic requirements, such as the communication of its identity and of the way in which a complaint can be lodged, and that the demands and needs of the customer are considered.
(16)
This Directive should ensure that the same level of consumer protection applies and that all consumers can benefit from comparable standards. This Directive should promote a level playing field and competition on equal terms between intermediaries, whether or not they are tied to an insurance undertaking. There is a benefit to consumers if insurance products are distributed through different channels and through intermediaries with different forms of cooperation with insurance undertakings, provided that they are required to apply similar rules on consumer protection. Such concerns should be taken into account by the Member States in the implementation of this Directive.
(17)
This Directive should take into account the differences in the types of distribution channel. It should, for example, take into account the characteristics of insurance intermediaries who are under a contractual obligation to conduct insurance distribution business exclusively with one or more insurance undertakings (tied insurance intermediaries) which exist in certain Member States’ markets, and should establish appropriate and proportionate conditions applicable to the different types of distribution. In particular, Member States should be able to stipulate that the insurance or reinsurance distributor which is responsible for the activity of an insurance, reinsurance or ancillary insurance intermediary is to ensure that such intermediary meets the conditions for registration and is to register that intermediary.
(18)
Insurance, reinsurance and ancillary insurance intermediaries who are natural persons should be registered with the competent authority of the Member State where they have their residence. With regard to those persons commuting on a daily basis between the Member State of their private residence and the Member State from which they carry out their distribution activity, i.e. their professional residence, the Member State of registration should be that of the professional residence. Those insurance, reinsurance and ancillary insurance intermediaries who are legal persons should be registered with the competent authority of the Member State where they have their registered office or, if under their national law they have no registered office, their head office. Member States should be able to allow other bodies to cooperate with competent authorities in the registration and regulation of insurance intermediaries. Insurance, reinsurance and ancillary insurance intermediaries should be registered provided that they meet strict professional requirements in relation to their ability, good repute, professional indemnity cover and financial capacity. Intermediaries already registered in Member States should not be required to register again under this Directive.
(19)
The inability of insurance intermediaries to operate freely throughout the Union hinders the proper functioning of the internal market in insurance. This Directive is an important step towards an increased level of consumer protection and market integration.
(20)
Insurance, reinsurance and ancillary insurance intermediaries should be able to avail themselves of the freedom of establishment and the freedom to provide services which are enshrined in the TFEU. Accordingly, registration with their home Member State should allow insurance, reinsurance and ancillary insurance intermediaries to operate in other Member States in accordance with the principles of freedom of establishment and freedom to provide services, provided that appropriate notification procedures have been followed between the competent authorities.
(21)
In order to ensure a high quality of service and effective consumer protection, home and host Member States should closely cooperate in the enforcement of the obligations set out in this Directive. Where insurance, reinsurance or ancillary insurance intermediaries pursue business in different Member States under the freedom to provide services, the competent authority of the home Member State should be responsible for ensuring compliance with the obligations set out in this Directive with regard to the entire business within the internal market. If the competent authority of a host Member State becomes aware of any breaches of obligations occurring within its territory, it should inform the competent authority of the home Member State which should then be obliged to take the appropriate measures. Such is the case, in particular, as regards breaches of the rules on good repute, professional knowledge and competence requirements or on the conduct of business. Moreover, the competent authority of the host Member State should be entitled to intervene if the home Member State fails to take appropriate measures or if the measures taken are insufficient.
(22)
In the case of the establishment of a branch or a permanent presence in another Member State, it is appropriate to distribute responsibility for enforcement between home and host Member States. While responsibility for compliance with obligations affecting the business as a whole — such as the rules on professional requirements — should remain with the competent authority of the home Member State under the same regime as in the case of provision of services, the competent authority of the host Member State should assume responsibility for enforcing the rules on information requirements and conduct of business with regard to the services provided within its territory. However, if the competent authority of a host Member State becomes aware of any breaches of obligations occurring within its territory with respect to which this Directive does not confer responsibility on the host Member State, it should inform the competent authority of the home Member State which should then be obliged to take the appropriate measures. Such is the case in particular as regards breaches of the rules on good repute, professional knowledge and competence requirements. Moreover, the competent authority of the host Member State should be entitled to intervene if the home Member State fails to take appropriate measures or if the measures taken are insufficient.
(23)
The competent authorities of the Member States should have at their disposal all means necessary to ensure the orderly pursuit of business by insurance and reinsurance intermediaries and ancillary insurance intermediaries throughout the Union, whether pursued in accordance with the freedom of establishment or the freedom to provide services. In order to ensure the effectiveness of supervision, all actions taken by the competent authorities should be proportionate to the nature, scale and complexity of the risks inherent in the business of a particular distributor, regardless of the importance of the distributor concerned for the overall financial stability of the market.
(24)
Member States should establish a single information point which gives access to their registers for insurance, reinsurance and ancillary insurance intermediaries. That single information point should also provide a hyperlink to each relevant competent authority in each Member State. In order to enhance transparency and facilitate cross-border trade, the European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority (EIOPA) established by Regulation (EU) No 1094/2010 of the European Parliament and of the Council (5) should establish, publish and keep up-to-date a single electronic database containing a record of each insurance, reinsurance and ancillary insurance intermediary which has notified an intention to exercise its freedom of establishment or to provide services. Member States should provide relevant information to EIOPA promptly to enable it to do this. The database should provide a hyperlink to each relevant competent authority in each Member State. Each competent authority of each Member State should provide on its website a hyperlink to the database.
(25)
Any permanent presence of an intermediary in the territory of another Member State that is equivalent to a branch should be treated in the same way as a branch, unless the intermediary lawfully sets up the presence in another legal form. Such could be the case, depending on further circumstances, even where that presence does not formally take the form of a branch but consists merely of an office managed by the own staff of the intermediary or by a person who is independent but has permanent authority to act for the intermediary in the same way as an agency would.
(26)
The relative rights and responsibilities of home and host Member States in respect of the supervision of insurance, reinsurance and ancillary insurance intermediaries registered by them or carrying on insurance or reinsurance distribution activities within their territory in exercise of the rights of freedom of establishment or freedom to provide services should be clearly established.
(27)
In order to deal with situations where an insurance or ancillary insurance intermediary is established in a Member State with the sole purpose of avoiding compliance with the rules of another Member State which is the place where it entirely or principally carries out its activity, the possibility for the host Member State to take precautionary measures may be an appropriate solution where its activity seriously endangers the proper functioning of the insurance and reinsurance market of the host Member State, and should not be prevented by this Directive. However, those measures should not be an obstacle to the freedom to provide services and the freedom of establishment, nor an access barrier to cross-border activity.
(28)
It is important to guarantee a high level of professionalism and competence among insurance, reinsurance and ancillary insurance intermediaries and the employees of insurance and reinsurance undertakings who are involved in activities preparatory to, during and after the sales of insurance and reinsurance policies. Therefore, the professional knowledge of intermediaries and ancillary insurance intermediaries and of the employees of insurance and reinsurance undertakings needs to match the level of complexity of those activities. Ancillary insurance intermediaries should be required to know the terms and conditions of the policies they distribute and, where applicable, rules on handling claims and complaints.
(29)
Continuing training and development should be ensured. Such training and development could encompass various types of facilitated learning opportunities including courses, e-learning and mentoring. Issues of form, substance and required certificates or other appropriate evidence, such as a record in a register or the successful completion of an exam, should be regulated by the Member States.
(30)
The requirements relating to integrity contribute to a sound and reliable insurance sector and to the objective of the adequate protection of policyholders. Those requirements include having a clean criminal record or any other national equivalent in relation to certain offences such as offences under legislation on financial services, offences concerning dishonesty, fraud or financial crime and other offences under company law, bankruptcy law or insolvency law.
(31)
It is equally important that relevant persons within the management structure of an insurance, reinsurance or ancillary insurance intermediary who are involved in the distribution of insurance or reinsurance products, as well as the relevant employees of an insurance or reinsurance distributor directly involved in insurance or reinsurance distribution, possess an appropriate level of knowledge and competence in relation to the distribution activity. The appropriateness of the level of knowledge and competence should be assured by the application of specific knowledge and professional requirements to those persons.
(32)
Member States should not need to consider as relevant persons those managers or employees not directly involved in the distribution of insurance or reinsurance products. Concerning insurance and reinsurance intermediaries and undertakings, all employees directly involved in the distribution activity should be expected to possess an appropriate level of knowledge and competence, with certain exceptions, such as for those who are devoted solely to administrative tasks. Concerning ancillary insurance intermediaries, at least the persons responsible for ancillary insurance distribution should be considered among the relevant employees who are expected to possess an appropriate level of knowledge and competence. Where the insurance and reinsurance distributor is a legal person, the persons within the management structure in charge of executing policies and procedures relating to the activity of distribution of insurance or reinsurance products should also abide by appropriate knowledge and competence requirements. To that end, the person who is responsible for the activity of insurance or reinsurance distribution within the insurance, reinsurance and ancillary insurance intermediary should always abide by the knowledge and competence requirements.
(33)
For insurance intermediaries and insurance undertakings that advise on, or sell, insurance-based investment products to retail customers, Member States should ensure that they possess an appropriate level of knowledge and competence in relation to the products offered. Such knowledge and competence are particularly important given the increased complexity and continuous innovation in the design of insurance-based investment products. Buying an insurance-based investment product implies a risk and investors should be able to rely on the information and quality of assessments provided. Furthermore, employees should be given adequate time and resources to be able to provide all relevant information to customers about the products that they provide.
(34)
The coordination of national provisions on professional requirements and registration of persons taking up and pursuing the activity of insurance or reinsurance distribution can contribute both to the completion of the internal market for financial services and to the enhancement of consumer protection in this field.
(35)
In order to enhance cross-border trade, principles regulating mutual recognition of intermediaries’ knowledge and abilities should be introduced.
(36)
Despite the existing single passport systems for insurers and intermediaries, the insurance market in the Union remains very fragmented. In order to facilitate cross-border business and enhance transparency for customers, Member States should ensure publication of the ‘general good’ rules applicable in their territories, and a single electronic register and information on all Member States’ ‘general good’ rules applicable to insurance and reinsurance distribution should be made publicly available.
(37)
Cooperation and exchange of information between the competent authorities are essential in order to protect customers and ensure the soundness of insurance and reinsurance business in the internal market. The exchange of information should in particular be promoted, both in the process of registration and on an ongoing basis, with reference to information concerning the good repute and the professional and knowledge competences of persons responsible for carrying out the activity of an insurance or reinsurance distributor.
(38)
There is a need for appropriate and effective out-of-court complaint and redress procedures in the Member States in order to settle disputes between insurance distributors and customers using, where appropriate, existing procedures. Those procedures should be available to deal with disputes concerning rights and obligations under this Directive. Such out-of-court complaint and redress procedures should seek to achieve a quicker and less expensive settlement of disputes between insurance distributors and customers.
(39)
The expanding range of activities that many insurance intermediaries and undertakings carry on simultaneously has increased potential for conflicts of interest between those different activities and the interests of their customers. It is therefore necessary to provide for rules to ensure that such conflicts of interest do not adversely affect the interests of the customer.
(40)
Customers should be provided in advance with clear information about the status of the persons who sell insurance products and about the type of remuneration which they receive. Such information should be given to the customer at the pre-contractual stage. Its role is to show the relationship between the insurance undertaking and the intermediary, where applicable, as well as the type of the intermediary’s remuneration.
(41)
In order to provide a customer with information on the insurance distribution services provided, regardless of whether the customer purchases through an intermediary or directly from an insurance undertaking, and to avoid distortion of competition by encouraging insurance undertakings to sell directly to customers rather than via intermediaries in order to avoid information requirements, insurance undertakings should also be required to provide information to customers about the nature of the remuneration their employees receive for the sale of insurance products.
(42)
Insurance intermediaries and insurance undertakings are subject to uniform requirements when distributing insurance-based investment products, as laid down in Regulation (EU) No 1286/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council (6). In addition to the information required to be provided in the form of the key information document, distributors of insurance-based investment products should provide additional information detailing any cost of distribution that is not already included in the costs specified in the key information document, so as to enable the customer to understand the cumulative effect that those aggregate costs have on the return of the investment. This Directive should therefore lay down rules on provision of information on costs of the distribution service connected to the insurance-based investment products in question.
(43)
As this Directive aims to enhance consumer protection, some of its provisions are only applicable in ‘business to consumer’ relationships, especially those which regulate conduct of business rules of insurance intermediaries or of other sellers of insurance products.
(44)
In order to avoid cases of mis-selling, the sale of insurance products should always be accompanied by a demands-and-needs test on the basis of information obtained from the customer. Any insurance product proposed to the customer should always be consistent with the customer’s demands and needs and be presented in a comprehensible form to allow that customer to make an informed decision.
(45)
Where advice is provided prior to the sale of an insurance product, in addition to the duty to specify the customers’ demands and needs, a personalised recommendation should be provided to the customer explaining why a particular product best meets the customer’s insurance demands and needs.
(46)
Member States should require that remuneration policies of insurance distributors in relation to their employees or representatives do not impair their ability to act in accordance with the best interests of customers or prevent them from making a suitable recommendation or presenting information in a form that is fair, clear and not misleading. Remuneration based on sales targets should not provide an incentive to recommend a particular product to the customer.
(47)
It is essential for the customers to know whether they are dealing with an intermediary who gives advice on the basis of a fair and personal analysis. In order to assess whether the number of contracts and providers considered by the intermediary is sufficiently large to cater for a fair and personal analysis, appropriate consideration should be given, inter alia, to the needs of the customer, the number of providers in the market, the market share of those providers, the number of relevant insurance products available from each provider, and the features of those products. This Directive should not prevent Member States from imposing the requirement that an insurance intermediary who wishes to give advice on the basis of a fair and personal analysis on an insurance contract gives such advice on all the insurance contracts that such an insurance intermediary distributes.
(48)
Prior to the conclusion of a contract, including in the case of non-advised sales, the customer should be given the relevant information about the insurance product to allow the customer to make an informed decision. An insurance product information document should provide standardised information about non-life insurance products. It should be drawn up by the relevant insurance undertaking or, in the Member States concerned, by the insurance intermediary that manufactures the insurance product. The insurance intermediary should explain to the customer the key features of the insurance products it sells, and its staff should therefore be given appropriate resources and time to do so.
(49)
In the case of group insurance, ‘customer’ should mean the representative of a group of members who concludes an insurance contract on behalf of the group of members where the individual member cannot take an individual decision to join, such as a mandatory occupational pension arrangement. The representative of the group should, promptly after enrolment of the member in the group insurance, provide, where relevant, the insurance product information document and the distributor’s conduct of business information.
(50)
Uniform rules should be laid down in order to give the customer the choice of medium in which information is provided, allowing for use of electronic communications where it is appropriate having regard to the circumstances of the transaction. However, the customer should be given the option to receive it on paper. In the interest of customer access to information, all pre-contractual information should be accessible free of charge.
(51)
There is less of a need to require that such information be disclosed when the customer is seeking reinsurance or insurance cover for commercial and industrial risks, or solely for the purposes of distributing insurance-based investment products, when the customer is a professional client as defined in Directive 2014/65/EU.
(52)
This Directive should specify the minimum obligations of insurance distributors in providing information to customers. A Member State should be able to maintain or adopt more stringent provisions in the area of information provision which may be imposed on insurance distributors independently of the provisions of their home Member State where such distributors are pursuing insurance distribution activities on that Member State’s territory, provided that those more stringent provisions comply with Union law, including Directive 2000/31/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (7). A Member State which proposes to apply and applies provisions regulating insurance distributors and the sale of insurance products in addition to those set out in this Directive should ensure that the administrative burden stemming from those provisions is proportionate with regard to consumer protection and remains limited.
(53)
Cross-selling practices are a common strategy used by insurance distributors throughout the Union. They can provide benefits to customers but can also represent practices where the interests of customers are not adequately considered. This Directive should not prevent the distribution of multi-risk insurance policies.
(54)
The provisions of this Directive concerning cross-selling should be without prejudice to the application of Union legislative acts providing for rules applicable to cross-selling practices in relation to certain categories of goods or services.
(55)
In order to ensure that insurance products meet the needs of the target market, insurance undertakings and, in the Member States where insurance intermediaries manufacture insurance products for sale to customers, insurance intermediaries should maintain, operate and review a process for the approval of each insurance product. Where an insurance distributor advises on, or proposes, insurance products which it does not manufacture, it should in any case be able to understand the characteristics and identified target market of those products. This Directive should not limit the variety and flexibility of the approaches which undertakings use to develop new products.
(56)
Insurance-based investment products are often made available to customers as potential alternatives or substitutes to investment products subject to Directive 2014/65/EU. To deliver consistent investor protection and avoid the risk of regulatory arbitrage, it is important that insurance-based investment products are subject, in addition to the conduct of business standards defined for all insurance products, to specific standards aimed at addressing the investment element embedded in those products. Such specific standards should include provision of appropriate information, requirements for advice to be suitable and restrictions on remuneration.
(57)
In order to ensure that any fee or commission or any non-monetary benefit in connection with the distribution of an insurance-based investment product paid to or paid by any party, except the customer or a person on behalf of the customer, does not have a detrimental impact on the quality of the relevant service to the customer, the insurance distributor should put in place appropriate and proportionate arrangements in order to avoid such detrimental impact. To that end, the insurance distributor should develop, adopt and regularly review policies and procedures relating to conflicts of interest with the aim of avoiding any detrimental impact on the quality of the relevant service to the customer and of ensuring that the customer is adequately informed about fees, commissions or benefits.
(58)
In order to ensure compliance with the provisions of this Directive by insurance undertakings and persons who pursue insurance distribution, and to ensure that they are subject to similar treatment across the Union, Member States should be required to provide for administrative sanctions and other measures which are effective, proportionate and dissuasive. A review of existing powers and their practical application has been carried out with the aim of promoting convergence of sanctions and other measures in the Commission communication of 8 December 2010 on reinforcing sanctioning regimes in the financial services sector. Therefore, administrative sanctions and other measures laid down by Member States should satisfy certain essential requirements in relation to addressees, criteria to be taken into account when applying a sanction or other measure, and publication.
(59)
Even though Member States are not prevented from laying down rules for administrative and criminal sanctions for the same breaches, Member States should not be required to lay down rules for administrative sanctions for the breaches of this Directive which are subject to national criminal law. In accordance with national law, Member States are not obliged to impose both administrative and criminal sanctions for the same offence, but they should be able to do so if their national law so permits. However, the maintenance of criminal sanctions instead of administrative sanctions for breaches of this Directive should not reduce or otherwise affect the ability of competent authorities to cooperate, access and exchange information in a timely way with competent authorities in other Member States for the purposes of this Directive, including after any referral of the relevant breaches to the competent judicial authorities for criminal prosecution.
(60)
In particular, the competent authorities should be empowered to impose pecuniary sanctions which are sufficiently high to offset the actual or potential profits, and to be dissuasive even for larger institutions and their managers.
(61)
In order to deliver consistent investor protection and avoid the risk of regulatory arbitrage, it is important that, in the event of breaches related to the distribution of an insurance-based investment product, administrative sanctions and other measures set out by Member States are aligned to those set out in Regulation (EU) No 1286/2014.
(62)
In order to ensure a consistent application of sanctions across the Union, Member States should ensure that, when determining the type of administrative sanctions or other measures and the level of administrative pecuniary sanctions, the competent authorities take into account all relevant circumstances.
(63)
In order to ensure that decisions on breaches by competent authorities have a dissuasive effect on the public at large and to inform market participants about behaviour that is considered detrimental to customers, those decisions should be published, provided that the time period for lodging an appeal has passed and no appeal was lodged, unless such disclosure jeopardises the stability of financial markets or an ongoing investigation. Where national law provides for the publication of the sanction or other measure which is subject to an appeal, such information, as well as the outcome of the appeal, should also be published without undue delay. In any event, if publication of the sanction or other measure would cause disproportionate damage to the parties involved, the competent authority should be able to decide not to publish the sanction or other measure or to publish it anonymously.
(64)
In order to detect potential breaches, the competent authorities should have the necessary investigatory powers, and should establish effective mechanisms, to enable reporting of potential or actual breaches.
(65)
This Directive should refer to both administrative sanctions and other measures irrespective of their qualification as a sanction or other measure under national law.
(66)
This Directive should be without prejudice to any provisions in the laws of Member States in respect of criminal offences.
(67)
In order to attain the objectives set out in this Directive, the power to adopt acts in accordance with Article 290 TFEU should be delegated to the Commission in respect of product oversight and governance requirements for all products, and, in relation to the distribution of insurance-based investment products, the management of conflicts of interest, the conditions under which inducements can be paid or received, and assessment of suitability and appropriateness. It is of particular importance that the Commission carries out appropriate consultations during its preparatory work, including at expert level. The Commission, when preparing and drawing up delegated acts, should ensure a simultaneous, timely and appropriate transmission of relevant documents to the European Parliament and to the Council.
(68)
Technical standards in financial services should ensure consistent harmonisation and adequate protection of consumers across the Union. As EIOPA is a body with highly specialised expertise, it should be entrusted solely with the drawing-up of draft regulatory and implementing technical standards which do not necessitate policy choices, for submission to the European Parliament, the Council and the Commission.
(69)
In accordance with the common understanding on delegated acts between the European Parliament, the Council and the Commission, without prejudice to its further revision, the Commission should take into account the objection period as well as European Parliament and Council procedures concerning the date of transmission of the delegated act. Furthermore, in accordance with the Common Understanding on delegated acts, without prejudice to its further revision, and, where applicable, Regulation (EU) No 1094/2010, proper transparency and appropriate contacts with the European Parliament and with the Council should be ensured in advance of the adoption of the delegated act.
(70)
Directive 95/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (8) and Regulation (EC) No 45/2001 of the European Parliament and of the Council (9) should govern the processing of personal data carried out by EIOPA within the framework of this Directive, under the supervision of the European Data Protection Supervisor.
(71)
This Directive respects the fundamental rights and observes the principles recognised in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, as enshrined in the Treaties.
(72)
This Directive should not be too burdensome for small and medium-sized insurance and reinsurance distributors. One of the tools by which to achieve that objective is the proper application of the proportionality principle. That principle should apply both to the requirements imposed on the insurance and reinsurance distributors and to the exercise of supervisory powers.
(73)
A review of this Directive should be carried out five years after the date on which it enters into force in order to take account of market developments as well as developments in other areas of Union law or Member States’ experiences in the implementation of Union law, in particular with regard to products covered by Directive 2003/41/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (10).
(74)
Directive 2002/92/EC should be repealed 24 months after the entry into force of this Directive. However, Chapter IIIA of Directive 2002/92/EC should be deleted with effect from the date of entry into force of this Directive.
(75)
The obligation to transpose this Directive into national law should be confined to those provisions which represent an amendment of the substance of Directive 2002/92/EC. The obligation to transpose the provisions which are unchanged arises under that Directive.
(76)
This Directive should be without prejudice to the obligations of the Member States relating to the time limits for transposition into national law of Directive 2002/92/EC.
(77)
The European Data Protection Supervisor was consulted in accordance with Article 28(2) of Regulation (EC) No 45/2001 and delivered an opinion on 23 November 2012 (11).
(78)
Since the objectives of this Directive cannot be sufficiently achieved by the Member States but can rather, by reason of its scale, be better achieved at Union level, the Union may adopt measures, in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity as set out in Article 5 of the Treaty on European Union. In accordance with the principle of proportionality as set out in that Article, this Directive does not go beyond what is necessary in order to achieve those objectives.
(79)
In accordance with the Joint Political Declaration of Member States and the Commission of 28 September 2011 on explanatory documents, Member States have undertaken to accompany, in justified cases, the notification of their transposition measures with one or more documents explaining the relationship between the components of a directive and the corresponding parts of national transposition instruments. With regard to this Directive, the legislator considers the transmission of such documents to be justified,
