Toelichting bij COM(2023)586 - Standpunt EU tijdens de vergadering van de partijen bij het Verdrag inzake de bescherming van het mariene milieu en de kustgebieden van de Middellandse Zee (het “Verdrag van Barcelona”) wat betreft de vaststelling van een regionaal plan inzake landbouwbeheer, een regionaal plan inzake aquacultuurbeheer en een regionaal plan inzake het beheer van overtollig regenwater in steden in het kader van artikel 15 van het Protocol inzake de bescherming van de Middellandse Zee tegen verontreiniging vanaf het land, en wat betreft de vaststelling van wijzigingen in de bijlagen II en III bij het Protocol inzake de speciaal beschermde gebieden en de biologische diversiteit in de Middellandse Zee - Hoofdinhoud
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| dossier | COM(2023)586 - Standpunt EU tijdens de vergadering van de partijen bij het Verdrag inzake de bescherming van het mariene milieu en de ... |
|---|---|
| bron | COM(2023)586  |
| datum | 16-10-2023 |
This proposal concerns the decision establishing the position to be taken on the Union's behalf at the 23rd Meeting of the Contracting Parties to the Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment and the Coastal Region of the Mediterranean (the ‘Barcelona Convention’) and its Protocols in connection with the envisaged adoption of three new Regional Plans (Regional Plan on Agriculture Management, Regional Plan on Aquaculture Management and Regional Plan on Urban Stormwater Management) within the framework of Article 15 of the Protocol for the Protection of the Mediterranean Sea against Pollution from Land-Based Sources, and the adoption of amendments to Annexes II and III of the Protocol on Special Protected Areas and Biological Diversity.
Inhoudsopgave
- 2.Context of the proposal
- 2.1.The Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment and the Coastal Region of the Mediterranean and its Protocols
- 2.2.The Meeting of the Contracting Parties to the Barcelona Convention and its Protocols
- 2.3.The envisaged acts of the 23rd Meeting of the Contracting Parties to the Barcelona Convention and its Protocols
- 3.Position to be taken on the Union's behalf
- 4.Legal basis
- 4.1.Procedural legal basis
- 4.1.1.Principles
- 4.1.2.Application to the present case
- 4.2.Substantive legal basis
- 4.2.1.Principles
- 4.2.2.Application to the present case
- 4.3.Conclusion
2.1.The Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment and the Coastal Region of the Mediterranean and its Protocols
The Barcelona Convention and its seven Protocols adopted in the framework of the Mediterranean Action Plan 1 constitute the main legally binding Multilateral Environmental Agreement for the Mediterranean Sea and aim to protect the marine and coastal environment of the Mediterranean. The Barcelona Convention entered into force in 1978 and was amended in 1995. The amendments to the Barcelona Convention entered into force in 2004.
The Protocol for the Protection of the Mediterranean Sea against Pollution from Land-Based Sources (the ‘LBS Protocol’) aims to prevent, abate and fully eliminate where possible, pollution of the Mediterranean Sea by dumping of waste or other matter.
The Protocol on Special Protected Areas and Biological Diversity (the ‘SPA and Biodiversity Protocol’) aims to safeguard the biological diversity in the Mediterranean through the creation and management of Specially Protected Areas and the protection and conservation of species.
The European Union is a party to the Barcelona Convention and its Protocols, including the LBS Protocol 2 and the SPA and Biodiversity Protocol 3 . Italy, Greece, Spain, France, Slovenia, Malta, Cyprus and Croatia are also Parties to the Convention and its Protocols, together with thirteen non-EU Mediterranean countries.
The Meeting of the Contracting Parties to the Barcelona Convention and its Protocols (the ’Meeting of the Contracting Parties’) brings together the Ministers and senior officials representing the Contracting Parties to the Barcelona Convention and its Protocols. The Contracting Parties will meet between 4 and 8 December 2023 in Portoroz, Slovenia.
The Meeting of Contracting Parties, which takes place once every two years, is the highest decision-making body of the Convention. Represented by their competent Ministries, the Contracting Parties in these biannual meetings decide on the relevant policies, strategies, budget and programme of work.
According to Article 25 of the Barcelona Convention, the EU shall exercise its right to vote with a number of votes equal to the number of its Member States, Contracting Parties to this Convention and to one or more of its Protocols. The EU shall not exercise its right to vote when its Member States exercise theirs and conversely.
According to Article 15, paragraph 1, of the LBS Protocol, decisions on the adoption of action plans, programmes and measures shall be made by a two-thirds majority of the Contracting Parties present and voting.
According to Article 23(2) of the Barcelona Convention, amendments to Annexes of the Convention or to any Protocol shall be adopted by the Meeting of the Contracting Parties by a three-fourth majority vote of the Contracting Parties to the instrument.
2.3.The envisaged acts of the 23rd Meeting of the Contracting Parties to the Barcelona Convention and its Protocols
During the 23rd Ministerial meeting, taking place from 4 to 8 December 2023, the Contracting Parties to the Barcelona Convention and its Protocols are to adopt the following acts (‘the envisaged acts’):
–Proposals to adopt three Regional Plans in the framework of Article 15 of the LBS Protocol: (1) the Regional Plan on Agriculture Management, (2) the Regional Plan on Aquaculture Management, and (3) the Regional Plan on Urban Stormwater Management;
–A proposal to amend Annexes II and III to the SPA and Biodiversity Protocol.
The purpose of the envisaged Regional Plans is to reduce and prevent pollution in the Mediterranean from the unsustainable management of agriculture, aquaculture and stormwater respectively. The LBS Protocol provides for the adoption by the Convention of regional Action Plans to eliminate pollution from land-based sources and activities. Once the Plans are adopted, their measures and timetables become legally binding, in accordance with Article 15, paragraph 3 of the LBS Protocol.
The purpose of the amendment of Annexes II and III to the SPA and Biodiversity Protocol is the inclusion of nine cartilaginous species: six species in Annex II (list of endangered or threatened species) and three species in Annex III (list of species whose exploitation is being regulated). The amendments to the Annexes to the Protocol become effective to all Contracting Parties to the SPA and Biodiversity Protocol upon expiry of a period determined by the Contracting Parties when adopting the amendment, in accordance with Articles 23 of the Barcelona Convention and Article 14(1) of the SPA and Biodiversity Protocol.
(1)As regards the Regional Action Plan for Agricultural Management:
In line with the UN Sustainable Development Goals, in particular SDG 2, SDG 6 and SDG 14 4 , the UN Convention to Combat Desertification 5 and the Stockholm Convention on the Protection against Persistent Organic Pollutants 6 , the envisaged Regional Plan requires the establishment of a regulatory framework (by 2028), as well as the implementation of measures (by 2030) for the input reduction of pollutants and other waste, as well as the contribution to sustainable agriculture.
The envisaged Regional Plan is fully in line with the Union’s ambition under the Green Deal, in particular its Farm to Fork Strategy 7 and Biodiversity Strategy 8 , which aim at pollution reduction and encourage low-input farming. The proposed position would also fit in with wider EU policies on protection of the quality of EU water bodies and the marine and coastal environment against land-based pollution, as well as on the sustainable use of pesticides and the reduction of nutrient losses.
It is therefore proposed that the Union support the adoption of the envisaged Regional Plan on Agriculture Management.
(2)As regards the Regional Action Plan for Aquaculture Management:
In line with UN Sustainable Development Goal 14, as well as with global and regional guidelines and initiatives related to the sustainable development of aquaculture 9 , the envisaged Regional Plan requires the establishment of a regulatory framework (by 2027) that sets the operational conditions for aquaculture facilities, and provides for the implementation of measures to minimise pollution from aquaculture activities (by 2028/2030), to promote environmentally sustainable aquaculture (by 2027) and to regulate the generation of plastic waste from aquaculture (by 2028).
As the envisaged Regional Plan is fully in line with the Union’s ambition under the Green Deal and related Strategies 10 and Guidelines, in particular the Commission Strategic Guidelines for a more sustainable and competitive EU aquaculture for the period 2021-2030 11 to improve the environmental performance of aquaculture and reduce plastic pollution, as well as environmental policy on ensuring the good quality of EU coastal and marine waters, it is proposed that the Union support the adoption of the envisaged act.
It is therefore proposed that the Union support the adoption of the envisaged Regional Plan on Aquaculture Management.
(3)As regards the Regional Action Plan for Urban Stormwater Management:
In line with UN Sustainable Development Goal 14, the envisaged Regional Plan requires the establishment of a regulatory framework (by 2028) to reduce stormwater runoff volume and peak flows and to address related pollution aspects from urban stormwater management. It also provides for the implementation of stormwater management plans (by 2030) based on the selection of applicable control measures, as well as the implementation of seasonal maintenance of stormwater collection systems (by 2028) to ensure their efficient functioning.
The proposed Regional Plan is fully in line with the Union’s policies on the protection of the quality of EU water bodies and the coastal and marine environment against pollution from land-based source of pollution, as well as the proper management of urban wastewater.
It is therefore proposed that the Union support the adoption of the envisaged Regional Plan on Urban Stormwater Management.
(4)As regards the amendments to Annexes II and III to the SPA and Biodiversity Protocol:
According to the assessments of the Red List of the International Union for the Conservation of Species (IUCS) 12 , the cartilaginous species proposed for inclusion in Annex II (‘endangered or threatened species’) and III (species whose exploitation is regulated) respectively, are either (critically) endangered, vulnerable or near threatened. As such, the proposed inclusion of the species and the underlying justification are in conformity with Decision IG.17/14 on the Common Criteria for proposing amendments to Annexes II and III to the SPA and Biodiversity Protocol. 13
The proposed amendments are fully in line with the Union’s ambitions under the EU Biodiversity strategy, as well as its international commitments to protect and restore biodiversity in the framework of the UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). It is also consistent with the Union approach taken in EU fisheries policy on the protection of fisheries resources and marine ecosystems through technical measures, which builds on Recommendations from regional bodies.
It is therefore proposed that the Union support the amendment of Annexes II and III to the SPA and Biodiversity Protocol.
A Union position is needed for the adoption of the envisaged acts because of the legally binding effects of these acts.
Article 218(9) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) provides for decisions establishing ‘the positions to be adopted on the Union’s behalf in a body set up by an agreement, when that body is called upon to adopt acts having legal effects, with the exception of acts supplementing or amending the institutional framework of the agreement.’
The concept of ‘acts having legal effects’ includes acts that have legal effects by virtue of the rules of international law governing the body in question. It also includes instruments that do not have a binding effect under international law, but that are ‘capable of decisively influencing the content of the legislation adopted by the EU legislature’ 14 .
The Meeting of the Contracting Parties is a body set up by an agreement, namely the Barcelona Convention.
The acts, which the Meeting of the Contracting Parties is called upon to adopt, constitute acts having legal effects. The envisaged acts will be binding under international law in accordance with Article 15(3) of the LBS Protocol as regards the envisaged Regional Plans, and Article 29 of the Barcelona Convention as regards the envisaged amendments of the Annexes to the SPA and Biodiversity Protocol.
The envisaged acts do not supplement or amend the institutional framework of the Agreement.
Therefore, the procedural legal basis for the proposed decision is Article 218(9) TFEU.
The substantive legal basis for a decision under Article 218(9) TFEU depends primarily on the objective and content of the envisaged act in respect of which a position is taken on the Union's behalf. If the envisaged act pursues two aims or has two components and if one of those aims or components is identifiable as the main one, whereas the other is merely incidental, the decision under Article 218(9) TFEU must be founded on a single substantive legal basis, namely that required by the main or predominant aim or component.
The main objective and content of the envisaged acts relate to the protection of the environment.
Therefore, the substantive legal basis of the proposed decision is Article 192(1) TFEU.
The legal basis of the proposed decision should be Article 192(1) TFEU, in conjunction with Article 218(9) TFEU.