Explanatory Memorandum to COM(2010)209 - Signature and provisional application of the Protocol to Amend the Air Transport Agreement with the USA - Main contents
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| dossier | COM(2010)209 - Signature and provisional application of the Protocol to Amend the Air Transport Agreement with the USA. |
|---|---|
| source | COM(2010)209  |
| date | 03-05-2010 |
Grounds for and objectives of the proposal On 30 March 2008, the Air Transport Agreement between the United States of America, of the one part, and the European Community and its Member States, of the other part, signed on 25 and 30 April 2007 ("the 2007 EU-US Air Transport Agreement"), entered into provisional application. In accordance with Article 21 of the 2007 EU-US Air Transport Agreement, the Commission started second stage negotiations with the United States in May 2008. The Council reviewed the progress made in December 2009 and March 2010. After eight rounds of second stage negotiations, agreement was reached on 25 March 2010 on a draft Protocol to Amend the 2007 EU-US Air Transport Agreement. The Protocol aims at: - launching a process towards additional foreign investment opportunities in the airline industry, - further opening market access, including further access by EU airlines to US Government-financed air transportation, and - further strengthening the regulatory cooperation in all fields of aviation policy, particularly on addressing the environmental impact of aviation.
General context The 2007 EU-US Air Transport Agreement represented a significant change in transatlantic aviation relations, providing broad new commercial freedoms for airlines and a comprehensive framework for regulatory cooperation with the United States on a wide range of issues. The 2007 EU-US Air Transport Agreement created substantial benefits for airlines, airports and air transport users in Europe. However, the EU was seeking additional investment and market access opportunities. Therefore, Article 21 of the 2007 EU-US Air Transport Agreement established a non-exhaustive list of items of priority interest for the second stage negotiations, including additional investment and market access opportunities, as well as environmental issues. In accordance with Article 21 i of the 2007 EU-US Air Transport Agreement, second stage negotiations were launched in May 2008. Article 21 i of the 2007 EU-US Air Transport Agreement entitles each Party to suspend certain rights if no second stage agreement has been reached by 30 November 2010. After eight rounds of negotiations, agreement was reached on the draft Protocol to Amend the 2007 EU-US Air Transport Agreement ("the Protocol") on 25 March 2010.
Existing provisions in the area of the proposal The Protocol amends the 2007 EU-US Air Transport Agreement.
Consistency with the other policies and objectives of the Union The conclusion of second stage negotiations with the United States has been a priority for the EU in its external aviation policy, as identified in Commission Communication "Developing the agenda for the Union's external aviation policy" i. The EU-US Summit on 3 November 2009 confirmed the political commitment of the Union to reach a second stage agreement in 2010 in the context of the overall objective of reducing barriers to trade, investment and economic activity. Due to its strong environmental dimension, the Protocol is fully consistent with the objective of the Union to limit the climate change impact of international aviation. Special attention is also given to the social dimension of the Agreement.
Consultation of interested parties
Consultation methods, main sectors targeted and general profile of respondents Throughout the negotiating process, the Commission has consulted with stakeholders, in particular via regular meetings of the Consultative Forum comprising representatives of air carriers, airports, and labour organisations. Member States have been closely involved throughout the negotiating process via the Special Committee and expert meetings.
Summary of responses and how they have been taken into account All comments from stakeholders and individual Member States were duly taken into consideration in the preparation of the Union's negotiating position.
There was no need for external expertise.
Impact assessment The Protocol further increases the benefits for consumers, airlines, labour, and communities in the Union. The economic benefits of a fully Open Aviation Area between the EU and the United States have been estimated in a study by Booz Allen Hamilton on behalf of the Commission at several billion Euros per year.[2] A study undertaken by Ecorys on behalf of the Commission (DG TRADE) i estimates that further regulatory convergence in the field of air transport could significantly reduce costs for the industry. The same study concluded that the second stage negotiations have the potential to change the structure of the market in the EU and in the US, increasing profitability in the airline industry. The inclusion of an article on the social dimension ensures that the further market opening will be accompanied by high labour standards and that labour-related rights will not be undermined by the new opportunities created by the Protocol. The Protocol includes firm commitments from both Parties to limit or reduce the impact of international aviation on the environment. An enhanced cooperation on addressing the environmental impacts of international aviation and mitigating the climate change impact will minimise any potential adverse environmental effects of the Protocol.
Contents
Summary of the proposed action The Protocol amends the 2007 EU-US Air Transport Agreement with the following provisions: - A legal obligation to reciprocally recognise the regulatory determinations of the other Party with regard to airline fitness and citizenship (New Article 6 bis). This will significantly reduce the regulatory burden for airlines and regulatory authorities. - An enhanced cooperation to limit the impact of international aviation on the environment (New Article 15). The cooperation on addressing the environmental impacts of international aviation will include the areas of research and development, air traffic management innovation, coordination in international fora. An important element in that respect is the joint work to ensure consistency among the respective market-based measures regarding aviation emissions. The cooperation on environmental issues will also increase the transparency with regard to noise-related operating restrictions at airports with more than 50,000 annual movements of civil subsonic jet aeroplanes. - An explicit recognition of the importance of the social dimension and the benefits of high labour standards as well as an enhanced cooperation on the social effects of the agreement (New Article 17 bis). - A strengthened role of the Joint Committee, enabling it to address incompatible regulatory approaches, allow for reciprocal recognition of decision-making, and promote cooperation across a number of additional fields, including air traffic management, facilitation, safety and cooperation with other countries (New paragraphs in Article 18). - A process towards further market access and investment opportunities (New Article 21). Both sides commit to continuing to remove market access barriers. The Joint Committee will regularly review progress in that respect. Both sides will establish a process of cooperation in the Joint Committee towards the shared goal of removing market access barriers. Upon legislative change that would give the Commission a stronger role in monitoring the procedures for the introduction of noise-based operating restrictions at EU airports with more than 50,000 annual movements, EU airlines would benefit from additional seventh freedom rights between the US and third countries, and market access barriers to the US for third-country airlines owned and controlled by EU investors would be removed. Upon legislative change in the US allowing majority EU ownership and control of US airlines, the EU will allow majority US ownership and control of EU airlines. If the EU has fulfilled the requirements with regard to the monitoring of noise-based operating restrictions, but there is no progress in the US on investment liberalisation, the EU will have the right to freeze the operations of US carriers, and vice versa. - Further access of EU airlines to air transport funded by the US Government (New Annex 3) that is restricted currently to US airlines ("Fly America"). EU airlines will be able to sell air transportation to contractors of the US Government on any route, with exception of transport financed by the US Department of Defence. The Protocol is accompanied by a Memorandum of Consultations that includes additional new elements, in order to further enhance the existing cooperation in the areas of aviation security, competition policy, and the joint efforts to address the environmental impact of international aviation.
Legal basis Article 207 (5), in conjunction with Article 218 paragraphs i and (5) of the Treaty on functioning of the European Union.
Subsidiarity principle The subsidiarity principle applies insofar as the proposal does not fall under the exclusive competence of the Union.
The objectives of the proposal cannot be sufficiently achieved by the Member States for the following reasons.
The 2007 EU-US Air Transport Agreement has established a harmonised regulatory framework for air transport between the Union and the United States. An amendment of an international treaty at Union level can only be done at Union level. Furthermore, the objectives of the Protocol can only be achieved at Union level because they involve a number of areas of exclusive Union competence.
Union action will better achieve the objectives of the proposal for the following reasons.
An amendment of an international treaty at Union level can only be done at Union level. Furthermore, the objectives of the Protocol can only be achieved at Union level because they involve a number of areas of exclusive Union competence.
The proposal therefore complies with the subsidiarity principle.
Proportionality principle The proposal complies with the proportionality principle for the following reasons.
The Protocol will reduce the regulatory burden and costs for airlines. It will not impose any new obligations on industry.
Member States will continue to carry out the traditional administrative tasks they execute in the context of international air transport, but under common rules applied uniformly. Member States will continue to carry out their administrative tasks with regard to noise-based operating restrictions at EU airports. The EU and its Member States do not enter into obligations with regard to noise-based operating restrictions that would go beyond the requirements of the Noise Directive (2002/30/EC)
Choice of instruments
Proposed instruments: international agreement
Other means would not be adequate for the following reason. An international agreement can only be amended through an international agreement.
The proposal has no implication for the Union budget.